Subject(s)
Form Perception , Models, Psychological , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Humans , MathematicsSubject(s)
Brain/physiology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Sex Characteristics , Verbal Behavior/physiology , Aphasia/epidemiology , Brain/anatomy & histology , Carotid Arteries/physiology , Female , Hand , Humans , Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , Male , Memory , Middle Aged , Movement , Speech/physiology , Speech Production Measurement , VocabularySubject(s)
Cognition/physiology , Functional Laterality , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Sex Factors , Space Perception/physiologySubject(s)
Dominance, Cerebral , Space Perception , Visual Perception , Adolescent , Female , Functional Laterality , Humans , Male , Psychological Tests , Sex Factors , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
An algorithm that uses only the first three formant frequencies has been devised for generating vocal tract shapes as seen on midsagittal x-ray diagrams of most English vowels. The shape of the tongue is characterized in terms of the sum of two factors derived from PARAFAC analysis: a front raising component and a back raising component. Stepwise multiple regression techniques were used to show that the proportions of these two components, and of a third parameter corresponding to the distance between the lips, are highly correlated with the formant frequencies in 50 vowels. The recovery algorithm developed from these correlations was tested on a number of published sets of tracings from x-ray diagrams, and appears to be generalizable to other speakers.