Wrist Guards/Supports in Gymnastics: Are They Helping or Hurting You?

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of wrist pain among gymnasts ranges from 46% to 79%. To alleviate wrist pain, gymnasts wear wrist guards/supports (WG/S). PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of WG/S on the wrist joint through joint moment, angles, total joint range of motion (ROM) arc, and ground-reaction force (GRF). STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used to investigate 23 female gymnasts (mean ± SD: age, 12.3 ± 1.5 years; height, 143.4 ± 7.6 cm; mass, 37.7 ± 6.6 kg; body mass index, 18.6 ± 2.9) who performed back handsprings (analyzed by first half [phase 1] and second half [phase 2]) with the following 3 conditions: no WG/S, Skids/Ultimate Wrist Supports (S/UWS), and Tiger Paws (TP). Wrist joint moments, angles, total ROM arc, and GRF were examined by the 3 conditions using analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction and effect size (Cohen d). RESULTS: For mean wrist flexion moment, both S/UWS and TP showed significantly higher values than the no-WG/S condition in landing phase 1 (S/UWS: P = .001, d = 1.30; TP: P = .019, d = 0.87). In angle comparisons in landing phase 1, no WG/S showed greater mean wrist extension angles compared with S/UWS (P = .046; d = 0.80), but no significant differences with TP (P = .096; d = 0.65). Also, in landing phase 1, total ROM arc of the right wrist was greater in the no-WG/S condition compared with S/UWS (P = .018; d = 0.88), but there were no differences with TP (P = .400; d = 0.52). CONCLUSION: These data show an increased wrist flexion moment using S/UWS and TP compared with the no-WG/S condition in landing phase 1 of back handsprings. Also, increased wrist extension angles and total arc ROM of the right wrist were found in the no-WG/S condition compared with S/UWS, but not with TP in landing phase 1. S/UWS may be helpful to reduce wrist joint angles, specifically wrist extension in landing phase 1, but both S/UWS and TP caused higher wrist flexion joint moment in landing phase 1. There were no differences found in GFG among the three variables. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the first half of the back handspring, wrist guards can limit wrist extension joint angles and total arc ROM; however, an increased wrist flexion moment was found when wrist guards were worn, which may potentially lead to an increased risk of injury. Injury history, especially overuse signs/symptoms, and previous surgery on the wrist joint need to be well considered before the application or use of wrist guards. Also, the amount of time/exposure wearing wrist guards should be carefully controlled in young female gymnasts.

Gymnastics and concussions: A retrospective chart review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical presentation (using PCSS), mechanism of injury, and recovery time of concussions sustained by gymnasts. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed at Boston Children's Hospital: Sports Medicine Clinic. Patients were identified with the words 'gymnastics' and 'concussion.' Male and female gymnasts were included if they sustained a concussion during gymnastics training or competition and were between the ages of 6-22 years old. Sex, age, injury site, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and time to presentation are described. Patients were compared during different types of gymnastics events for overall symptom burden, and individual symptom severities. RESULTS: A total of 201 charts were assessed over a 6-year period and 62 patients met inclusion criteria. Floor exercise was the most common event at the time of injury. Loss of consciousness occurred in 20% of injuries. There was no significant association between the type of event and PCSS upon initial clinical visit (p = 0.82). A total of 13 gymnasts returned to the clinic for a subsequent injury after their concussion (Table 3). CONCLUSIONS: Gymnasts are at risk for sport-related concussions. Most gymnasts reporting to a tertiary care center with the diagnosis of concussion sustain their injuries during floor exercise.

The Young Injured Gymnast: A Literature Review and Discussion.

Gymnastics is a sport requiring grace, strength, and flexibility, resulting in a wide variety of injuries. This article is an overview of the sport of gymnastics and associated injury trends in the artistic gymnastics population. Injury rates in gymnastics range from 1.08 to 50.3 per 1000 h of exposure. More injuries occur in competition versus practice. Fewer injuries occur in recreational gymnastics than competitive gymnastics. The most common injury in gymnastics occurs in the lower extremity, and is an ankle sprain, followed by knee internal derangement. However, in men's gymnastics the most common gymnastics injury occurs in the upper body (specifically the shoulder). The most common skills causing injury to a gymnast are front/back handsprings and saltos/flips. Unique injuries commonly seen when caring for the young gymnast include spondylolysis, ostoechondritis dissecans of the capetillium and talus, Gymnast wrist, Grip lock, Osgood-Schlatter, patellofemoral syndrome, Sever's disease, and ankle sprains. Research efforts should focus on injury rates after the 2006 rule change, injury prevention, men's gymnastics injury patterns, concussions, hip injuries, and ACL injuries in gymnasts.