Resident doctors' understanding of their roles as clinical teachers.

INTRODUCTION: Limited data illuminate how resident doctors view their important roles as teachers, supervisors and role models. Analysing qualitative data about resident teachers' self-perceptions can offer helpful insights. METHODS: One year after a randomised trial of a residents-as-teachers curriculum at a university medical centre, we invited its 23 resident participants to participate in semistructured interviews. We interviewed 21 third year residents from internal medicine, family medicine and paediatrics, including 12 intervention residents who had been randomly assigned to receive a 13-hour teacher training programme and 9 control residents who had received no training. We used grounded theory techniques. Two investigators independently content-analysed the transcribed interviews for emerging themes and we then developed a schema for a third investigator to code the transcripts. RESULTS: Three key themes consistently emerged: enthusiasm for teaching (current and future), learner-centredness, and self-knowledge about teaching. Compared with control residents, the intervention residents expressed greater enthusiasm for teaching, more learner-centred and empathic approaches, and a richer understanding of teaching principles and skills. Most intervention residents wanted to continue teaching during and after training. Fewer control residents enjoyed their current teaching, and fewer still wanted to teach in the future. The control residents seemed easily frustrated by time constraints and they often expressed cynicism and blame toward learners. DISCUSSION: One year after participating in a randomised trial of a residents-as-teachers curriculum, generalist residents revealed fairly consistent perceptions of their teaching roles. Teacher training may offer residents lasting benefits, including improved teaching skills and satisfaction.

The on-line Clinical Teaching Perception Inventory: a "snapshot" of medical teachers.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medical educators need practical and accurate instruments for evaluating clinical teaching. Our purpose was to develop norms for the Clinical Teaching Perception Inventory (CTPI) on a multidisciplinary group of North American faculty and resident teachers. METHODS: A no-cost, on-line inventory (www.residentteachers.com) measured participants' comfort with teaching. Respondents recruited through surveys and professional organizations completed two identical Q-sorts, ranking 28 descriptors first for "my ideal teacher" and then for "myself as a teacher." RESULTS: An international sample of 255 residents and 256 faculty members--including 143 respondents from family medicine--completed the on-line CTPI from April 2001 to March 2003. Resident and faculty teachers agreed on top descriptors for ideal clinical teachers: stimulating, encouraging, competent, communicates, and well-read. Resident teachers revealed larger discrepancies between "self" and "ideal" scores than faculty participants did. Many respondents wished to be more stimulating and well-read, highlighting perceived needs for teaching skills development. Between the subsamples of 143 family medicine teachers and 368 non-family medicine teachers, scores were virtually indistinguishable. CONCLUSIONS: A multidisciplinary sample of 511 faculty and resident teachers agreed on key characteristics of ideal clinical teachers. Generalist educators and others can use the on-line CTPI at no cost to assess their self-perceptions as clinical teachers.

Evaluating a 'service elective' in clinical teaching for medical students.

Many medical students wish to begin developing clinical teaching skills before residency. Faculty at the University of California, Irvine developed a 60-hour, longitudinal 'service elective' in teaching skills, which 50 third-year and fourth-year students have completed since 2001. Students learned to enact and rate eight stations of an objective structured teaching examination (OSTE) for generalist resident physicians, broadening this practical training with in-class exercises. To evaluate the elective, structured, written questionnaires were administered. Participating students gave the elective a mean rating of 5.24 on a seven-point Likert-type scale, which fell between 'very good' (5) and 'excellent' (6). Narrative comments showed that students believed the elective--and in particular the OSTE training--prepared them well for teaching as residents.