ABSTRACT
The fasting blood glucose concentration in type 1 diabetes may vary without being much affected by diet and exercise. This study aimed to identify association of morning fasting blood glucose concentration variability with insulin antibodies and clinical factors. The subjects in this study were 54 patients with type 1 diabetes who had high variation of fasting blood glucose. The insulin antibody level was measured, and correlations of glycemic variability with antibody levels, binding rates, and other clinical factors were investigated. The standard deviation (SD) of the 30-day morning self-monitored fasting blood glucose concentration (FBG SD) was evaluated as an index of glycemic variability. The mean glucose level was 159.8±42.1 mg/dL and the FBG SD was 47.5±22.0 mg/dL. Glycemic variability (FBG SD) was positively correlated with insulin antibody level, but not with insulin antibody binding rate, and had a negative correlation with C-peptide immunoreactivity/plasma glucose (CPR/PG) and positive correlations with diabetes duration, basal insulin dose and bolus insulin dose. Glycemic variability was not correlated with BMI, HbA1c or age. In multiple regression analysis of glycemic variability, CPR/PG was the only significant related factor. The results showed that glycemic variability was mainly influenced by endogenous insulin secretion capacity and was high in patients with high insulin antibody levels. In some patients with a high insulin antibody titer, the antibody may have an effect on the variability of the fasting glucose concentration in type 1 diabetes.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood , Fasting/blood , Insulin Antibodies/blood , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring , Circadian Rhythm , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Administration Routes , Female , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Insulin/administration & dosage , Insulin/immunology , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
While TSH-producing adenoma (TSHoma) is rare, the diagnosis is often delayed because the clinical features are heterogeneous. The patient was a 69-year-old woman who had been referred to the Yachiyo Medical Center in August 2008, because of dyspnea, loss of appetite, weight loss of 10 kg, and diarrhea that lasted 4 years. We diagnosed this patient with pituitary TSH-producing macroadenoma. Thyroid hormone concentration was increasing although the serum TSH level was within a normal range after trans-sphenoidal surgery. We considered that because of enlargement of the thyroid gland due to long-term stimulation by TSH, a low concentration of TSH could stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excess T3 or T4. The somatostatin analogue, octreotide was used to control the TSHoma and serum TSH concentration but not thyroid hormone. The octreotide in combination with thiamazole treatment for 14 months controlled thyroid hormone concentration and decreased the thyroid mass, and ultimately, the thiamazole could be stopped. To date, the use of combination therapy of octreotide with thiamazole in patients with remaining TSH-producing adenoma without Basedow's disease is rare, and we suggest that this treatment is one of the therapeutic means to treat recurrence of TSH-producing adenoma after surgery with progressive complications or large thyroid gland.
