Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations at high southern heliographic latitudes.

Ulysses spacecraft radio and plasma wave observations indicate that some variations in the intensity and occurrence rate of electric and magnetic wave events are functions of heliographic latitude, distance from the sun, and phase of the solar cycle. At high heliographic latitudes, solartype Ill radio emissions did not descend to the local plasma frequency, in contrast to the emission frequencies of some bursts observed in the ecliptic. Short-duration bursts of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves were often found in association with depressions in magnetic field amplitude, known as magnetic holes. Extensive wave activity observed in magnetic clouds may exist because of unusually large electron-ion temperature ratios. The lower number of intense in situ wave events at high latitudes was likely due to the decreased variability of the high- latitude solar wind.

Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations in the jupiter environment.

The Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment has produced new observations of the Jupiter environment, owing to the unique capabilities of the instrument and the traversal of high Jovian latitudes. Broad-band continuum radio emission from Jupiter and in situ plasma waves have proved valuable in delineating the magnetospheric boundaries. Simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic wave fields have yielded new evidence of whistler-mode radiation within the magnetosphere. Observations of aurorallike hiss provided evidence of a Jovian cusp. The source direction and polarization capabilities of URAP have demonstrated that the outer region of the lo plasma torus supported at least five separate radio sources that reoccurred during successive rotations with a measurable corotation lag. Thermal noise measurements of the lo torus densities yielded values in the densest portion that are similar to models suggested on the basis of Voyager observations of 13 years ago. The URAP measurements also suggest complex beaming and polarization characteristics of Jovian radio components. In addition, a new class of kilometer-wavelength striated Jovian bursts has been observed.

Voyager 1 planetary radio astronomy observations near jupiter.

We report results from the first low-frequency radio receiver to be transported into the Jupiter magnetosphere. We obtained dramatic new information, both because Voyager was near or in Jupiter's radio emission sources and also because it was outside the relatively dense solar wind plasma of the inner solar system. Extensive radio spectral arcs, from above 30 to about 1 megahertz, occurred in patterns correlated with planetary longitude. A newly discovered kilometric wavelength radio source may relate to the plasma torus near Io's orbit. In situ wave resonances near closest approach define an electron density profile along the Voyager trajectory and form the basis for a map of the torus. Detailed studies are in progress and are out-lined briefly.

Relationship between levels of blood lipids, vitamins C, A, and E, serum copper compounds, and urinary excretions of tryptophan metabolites in women taking oral contraceptive therapy.

To evaluate which women using oral contraceptive agents might be at risk, biochemical indices known to be affected by the estrogens and progestogens were studied in women who take oral contraceptive agents, in women who do not use oral contraceptive agents, in women in third trimester of pregnancy and 6 weeks after parturition, and in men with normal and high blood lipid levels. The most consistent changes due to oral contraceptive agents were in serum levels of copper, triglycerides, and vitamin A and in the urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid and niacin derivatives before and after a tryptophan load test. There was only a slight suggestion, with no statistical significance, that serum vitamin C levels decreased when the serum levels of ceruloplasmin were high. The highest blood pressures and serum triglycerides and vitamin A levels were obtained in those women who ingested the highest level of estrogens. Pregnant women had the lowest levels of serum vitamin A. The oral contraceptive agents users had the lowest average levels of carotenoids corresponding to the highest average levels of vitamin A in the serum. Thus, estrogens not only increase the rate of change of tryptophan to niacin but may also increase the rate of conversion of carotene to vitamin A. Relative reactivity to oral contraceptive agents and possible risk to a patient might be evaluated by a profile of blood pressure and serum triglycerides, copper, and vitamin A.

PIP: To determine if methods can be developed which will show those patients for whom oral contraceptive agents (OCAs) constitute a hazard, data on blood lipids, serum levels of Vitamis-A, E, and C and copper are reported. Results of the tryptophan load test are also given. This tes t is related to the levels of pyridoxine in the tissues. The program was designed to show the relationship of any changes to each other, and to get a better understanding of their significance. Results are compared from subjects taking OCAs, from those not taking OCAs, from women in the last trimester of pregnancy, from women after parturition, and from males. All blood and urine samples were taken at 21 days after the beginning of subjects' menstrual periods, except for those who were pregnant and males. There were 49 women taking a variety of OCAs. 32 not taking OCAs served as controls. Included were 22 pregnant women in the last trimesters of their pregnancies. Of these, 11 were tested again 6 weeks postpartum. 9 men with high blood lipids and 12 men with normal lipid levels were also tested. Diastolic blood pressures averaged higher in the group taking OCAs (p less than .01), except for the males who were older or who wer known to have high lipids. Serum cholesterol levels in OCA users were unaltered. Serum phospholipids showed some increase in OCA users (p less than .05). Triglycerides show ed the greatest increase in OCA users (p less than .001), especially in those taking the most estrogen. The pregnant women had high serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, and total lipids. All of these levels were found to be less at 6 weeks postpartum. Serum copper levels were increased in all OCA users to above 1.5 mcg/ml but in only 2 of the nonusers to this level. Serum Vitamin-A was increased in the OCA user group (p less than .001). The pregnant women had relatively low levels of Vitamin-A. This increased by 6 weeks after parturition to the level of OCA users. An 8-hour urine collection after a 2-g tryptophan load showed at 6 times increased excretion of xanthurenic acid in those using OCAs as compared with nonusers. An increased ability of pregnant women to convert tryptophan to nictionic acid was shown. It is not known to what degree the biological changes caused by OCAs are undesirable. However, it is assumed that women showing the greatest changes are at greater risk. Analyses which may serve as incicators of potential risk include serum triglycerides, copper, and Vitamin-A levels. Carbohydrate intolerance and triglyceride elevation have been associated. Blood pressure measurements should be included in any profile.