Subject(s)
Biofeedback, Psychology , Exercise , Muscles/physiopathology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/rehabilitation , Aged , Demography , Electromyography , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pelvis , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Urethra/physiopathology , Urinary Incontinence, Stress/physiopathology , UrodynamicsABSTRACT
This study assessed the impact of family history of alcoholism and antisocial behavior on problem drinking among male first-time DWI offenders. A sample of 123 men in DWI classes were assessed on demographic factors, antisocial behavior and family history of alcoholism. Also, measures of current and past drinking problems were assessed, including scales of perceived ability to control consumption, degree of physical dependence, occurrence of alcohol-related problems and preoccupation with alcohol. The results indicated that while family history of alcohol and antisocial behavior were not significantly related to quantity/frequency of alcohol consumption or alcohol-related problems, family history was related to drink duration. Main effects of family history and antisocial behavior were found for preoccupation with alcohol and physical dependence. There was a significant interaction with respect to perceived ability to control drinking. Results are discussed with regard to the implication that family history of alcoholism and antisocial behavior may influence the development of important precursors to alcoholism.
Subject(s)
Alcoholic Intoxication , Alcoholism/psychology , Antisocial Personality Disorder , Automobile Driving , Family Health , Family , Adult , Alcoholism/etiology , Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology , Humans , Male , Psychological TestsABSTRACT
The purpose of the present study was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of preoccupation with alcohol in a group of young, heavy drinking men and to examine some correlates of this drinking style. A brief Preoccupation with Alcohol Scale (PAS) was derived that exhibited substantial internal consistency. Data from a sample of the 67 males indicated that higher PAS scores were significantly related to alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication within many different contextual circumstances. The PAS was also related to alcohol problems after controlling for average daily alcohol consumption and frequency of intoxication, suggesting that scores on the PAS are related to, but not redundant with, level of alcohol consumption. Results from a cross-validation sample provided additional support for these findings. The authors suggest that a preoccupation with alcohol may be a cognitive-behavioral risk factor for the development of severe alcohol problems and alcoholism.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Psychological Tests/methods , Adult , Alcoholic Intoxication/complications , Attitude , Drinking Behavior , Humans , Interpersonal Relations , Male , Personality Tests , Social Behavior , Substance-Related Disorders/complicationsABSTRACT
As they left a fraternity party, 93 college-age students were asked to estimate their blood alcohol level (BAL) and to report whether they were legally impaired. They were also asked to report the number of 10-oz cups of beer they had consumed during the party. Actual BALs were tested on a Breathalyzer and the subjects' self-reported number of cups were compared with the cup-by-cup consumption data collected during the party. The results indicated that many subjects were able to report correctly whether they were legally impaired. However, those subjects with higher BALs tended to overestimate their actual BAL while underestimating the number of cups of beer they had consumed. These results are discussed in terms of the ability of individuals to make judgments about their level of impairment. The implications of these results for the prevention of drunken driving are also addressed.
