The role of hydrogels in the management of brain tumours: a narrative review.

Conventional therapeutic techniques for brain tumours have limitations and side effects, necessitating the need for alternative treatment options. MRI-monitored therapeutic hydrogel systems show potential as a non-surgical approach for brain tumour treatment. Hydrogels have unique physical and chemical properties that make them promising for brain tumour treatment, including the ability to encapsulate therapeutic agents, provide sustained and controlled drug release, and overcome the blood-brain barrier for better penetration. By combining hydrogel systems with MRI techniques, it is possible to develop therapeutic approaches that provide real-time monitoring and controlled release of therapeutic agents. Surgical resection remains important, but there is a growing need for alternative approaches that can complement or replace traditional methods. The objective of this comprehensive narrative review is to evaluate the potential of MRI-monitored therapeutic hydrogel systems in non-surgical brain tumour treatment.

A Quality Improvement Initiative for Detection of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in an Urban, Academic Safety Net Hospital.

OBJECTIVE: Improve detection of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in a safety net, hospital-based, academic pediatric practice by optimizing screening with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist attention score (PSC-AS) and further evaluation with the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale (VADRS). METHODS: We implemented a multi-component intervention by (1) optimizing electronic medical record (EMR) features; (2) adjusting clinic operational workflow; and (3) creating a decision-making algorithm for pediatric primary care clinicians (PPCCs). We extracted 4 outcomes manually from the EMR (pediatrician acknowledgment of a positive PSC-AS, documentation of a plan for further evaluation, distribution of VADRS, and completion of at least 1 VADRS). Outcomes were measured monthly in run charts compared to the pre-intervention control period, and implementation was optimized with Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. RESULTS: PPCCs were significantly more likely to acknowledge a positive PSC-AS in the intervention versus control (65.3% vs 41.5%; p < 0.001), although this did not change documentation of a plan (70% vs 67.1%; p -value = 0.565). Significantly more children with a positive PSC-AS were distributed a parent or teacher VADRS in the intervention versus control (30.6% vs 17.7%; p -value = 0.0059), but the percentage of returned VADRS rating scales did not improve (12.9% vs 9.2%; p -value = 0.269). CONCLUSION: Our ADHD detection quality improvement initiative improved use of the PSC-AS to identify attention problems and distribution of VADRS diagnostic rating scales, but additional interventions are needed to improve the completion of ADHD evaluations in primary care to ensure that children are appropriately identified and offered evidence-based care.

Management strategies and prognosis of patients ineligible for transcatheter mitral valve replacement.

BACKGROUND: Transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) faces anatomical challenges, currently limiting widespread adoption. OBJECTIVES: To describe the natural history and prognosis of patients ineligible for various TMVR devices. METHODS: During a 4-year period (2019-2023) 3 TMVR devices (SAPIEN M3, Intrepid and Alta Valve) became available at a single institution (The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH) in the setting of pivotal clinical trials or early feasibility study. Consenting patients who were deemed ineligible ≥1 of these trials were prospectively studied to capture anatomical reasons for ineligibility, cross-over to alternative mitral valve therapies (surgery or high-risk mitral transcatheter edge to edge repair [M-TEER]), and clinical events. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients (out of 71 consenting patients or 85.9 %) were deemed ineligible for TMVR during the study period. The mean age was 79.2 ± 8.8 years, 65.6 % were female, with elevated surgical risk (median STS 4.3, IQR: 2.7-7.3). The 2 most common anatomical reasons for ineligibility were increased risk of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) (n = 24, 39.3 %) and annular size (n = 29, 47.5 %). During follow-up (median 277 [162-555] days) there were 7 deaths (11.5 %) and 12 (19.7 %) hospitalizations for heart failure. Management strategies included high-risk M-TEER in 11 patients (1 death [9.0 %], 0 HF hospitalizations [0 %]), surgery in 9 patients (0 deaths, 1 HF hospitalizations [11.1 %]), and medical management in 41 patients (6 deaths [14.6 %], 11 HF hospitalizations [26.8 %]) (p = 0.715 for mortality and p = 0.093 for HF hospitalizations). Residual MR ≥ moderate was 0 %, 50 %, and 100 % for surgery, M-TEER and medical treatment, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One third of patients deemed ineligible for TMVR are candidates for high-risk M-TEER or surgery with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Our results have practical implications for patient management.

S. Rao Spiral Suturing (SRSS) of Lower Uterine Segment: An Innovative Hemostatic Technique in the Management of Placenta Previa and Accreta Spectrum.

Objective: The study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of an innovative hemostatic technique in managing Placenta Previa and Accreta Spectrum by S. Rao Spiral Suturing (SRSS) of a lower uterine segment. Method: In this retrospective study conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit-II of Nishtar Medical University, Multan between December 2018 to January 2021, one hundred and thirty consenting patients' clinical records were reviewed with major degree placenta previa/placenta accrete spectrum, either operated electively or presented in an emergency, with or without a history of previous cesarean section. The enrolled patients underwent SRSS, procedure's efficacy and safety were measured by the number of obstetrical hysterectomies, the time required for the procedure, estimated blood loss, blood transfusion volume, need for any other hemostatic technique, bladder trauma, pelvic infection, scar site hematoma or abscess, sepsis, duration of hospital stay and maternal mortality. Results: Out of 130 patients, 17(12.6%) had Placenta Accreta, 86(66.3%) Increta, and 27(21%) Percreta. The Placenta location was anterior dominant in 102(78.4%) cases and posterior in 17(8.4%). Of the patients who underwent surgery, only two required obstetrical hysterectomy due to uncontrolled bleeding. The procedure took three to five minutes in 127 patients and five to seven minutes in three patients. Regarding intraoperative blood transfusion, 54.6% of patients were transfused 1000-2000 ml blood, and 5.38% required > 3000 ml. No blood transfusion was required postoperatively in any patient. Postpartum hemorrhage, infection, fever, and sepsis were not observed in any patient postoperatively. None of the patients suffered bladder injury. All patients were discharged as per routine. Conclusion: SRSS is an innovative, safe, effective, and simple suturing technique for patients with Placenta Previa and Accreta spectrum.

The role of angiotensin receptor blockers in treating epilepsy: a review.

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease with a global prevalence of 70 million people. According to the World Health Organization, roughly 5 million new cases are diagnosed every year. Anti-seizure drugs are the treatment of choice. However, in roughly one third of the patients, these drugs fail to produce the desired effect. As a result, finding novel treatments for epilepsy becomes inevitable. Recently, angiotensin receptor blockers have been proposed as a treatment to reduce the over-excitation of neurons in epilepsy. For this purpose, we conducted a review using Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar using the relevant search terms and extracted the relevant data in a table. Our review suggests that this novel approach has a very high potential to treat epilepsy, especially in those patients who fail to respond to conventional treatment options. However, more extensive and human-based trials should be conducted to reach a decisive conclusion. Nevertheless, the use of ARBs in patients with epilepsy should be carefully monitored keeping the adverse effects in mind.

Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with clinical, pathological, radiological, laboratory features and disease outcomes of invasive breast cancer patients: A retrospective observational cohort study.

Inflammatory conditions play part in the progression of malignancies, and markers signifying growth of these factors can indicate prognosis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) is used as a marker of subclinical inflammation that may become an integral part of workup to indicate prognosis and associated pathology. This study aims to explore the association of NLR ratio with clinical characteristics, radiological assessment and staging, histopathology, and disease outcomes of breast cancer. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary care center to include breast cancer patients that were diagnosed between January 2001 and December 2020. Data including tumor size, lymph nodes, metastasis, histological grading, ER/PR/HER2-neu status, molecular subtypes, clinical staging); nodal findings (sentinel and axillary); pathology from frozen section; and disease outcomes were assessed. Multivariable regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed to indicate the association of NLR with breast cancer features and disease-free survival. A total of 2050 patients had a median age of 50 years, median NLR levels of 2.14, most common pathology ductal followed by lobular, and most common site of metastasis being lungs followed by bones. Disease-free rate was 7.6%, and a recurrence rate of 1.8%, while 1.6% deaths were reported. NLR was found associated with age, treatment outcomes, tumor size, lymph nodes, metastasis and clinical staging. Other positive correlations were with Ki67 proliferation index, molecular subtypes, and tumor size on frozen section (at transverse and craniocaudal dimensions). Negative correlations were seen with estrogen and progesterone receptors. However, NLR was not found predictable of disease-free survival (P = .160). Significant predictors of disease-free survival were histological grading, ER, PR status, molecular subtype, and Ki67 proliferation index. NLR being a readily available marker has shown novel findings in its association with tumor staging, disease outcomes and characteristics of breast malignancy.

Discharge against medical advice in Special Care Newborn Unit in Chattogram, Bangladesh: Prevalence, causes and predictors.

INTRODUCTION: Discharge against medical advice (DAMA) is an unexpected event for patients and healthcare personnel. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of DAMA in neonates along with characteristics of neonates who got DAMA and, causes and predictors of DAMA. METHODS AND FINDINGS: This case-control study was carried out in Special Care Newborn Unit (SCANU) at Chittagong Medical College Hospital from July 2017 to December 2017. Clinical and demographic characteristics of neonates with DAMA were compared with that of discharged neonates. The causes of DAMA were identified by a semi-structured questionnaire. Predictors of DAMA were determined using a logistic regression model with a 95% confidence interval. A total of 6167 neonates were admitted and 1588 got DAMA. Most of the DAMA neonates were male (61.3%), term (74.7%), outborn (69.8%), delivered vaginally (65.7%), and had standard weight at admission (54.3%). A significant relationship (p < 0.001) was found between the variables of residence, place of delivery, mode of delivery, gestational age, weight at admission, and day and time of outcome with the type of discharge. False perceptions of wellbeing (28.7%), inadequate facilities for mothers (14.5%), and financial problems (14.1%) were the prevalent causes behind DAMA. Predictors of DAMA were preterm gestation (AOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.07-1.7, p = 0.013), vaginal delivery (AOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.31-1.86, p < 0.001), timing of outcome after office hours (AOR 477.15, 95% CI 236-964.6, p < 0.001), and weekends (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 2.06-3.17, p < 0.001). Neonates suffering from sepsis (AOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.7, p< 0.001), Respiratory Distress Syndrome (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.9-5.2, p< 0.001), prematurity without other complications (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.45-3.1, p < 0.001) or who were referred from north-western districts (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13-1.95, p = 0.004) had higher odds for DAMA. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of predictors and reasons behind DAMA may provide opportunities to improve the hospital environment and service related issues so that such vulnerable neonates can complete their treatment. We should ensure better communication with parents, provide provision for mothers' corner, especially for outborn neonates, maintain a standard ratio of neonates and healthcare providers, and adopt specific DAMA policy by the hospital authority.

A study to validate the Ten-Question-Questionnaire + for the detection of moderate to severe neurological disabilities in older Bangladeshi children.

PURPOSE: Our study validated the Ten Question Questionnaire (TQQ+) for Bangladeshi children between 10 and 16 years. The TQQ + is a rapid screening tool for disability and was previously validated in children below 9 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in Chattogram, Bangladesh. One hundred children aged 10-16 years, 10 with mild or moderate disabilities, 40 with severe disabilities, and 50 children without a disability were identified. Children with disability (n = 50) had previously undergone Wechsler Intelligence Scale-Revised (WISC-R) assessments by psychologists as a reference standard. Each child was evaluated using Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment (RNDA) by physicians and TQQ + was administered by researchers. Sensitivities and specificities of TQQ + were evaluated in comparison with RNDA and WISC-R. RESULTS: The sensitivity of TQQ + was 98% in comparison with either RNDA or WISC-R. The specificity of TQQ was 76.5% compared with RNDA and 78% with WISC-R. TQQ + successfully picked up cognitive (98%) and motor (75%) disabilities as well as behavioural problems (88.9%). Specificity was good to excellent in all other domains. Logistic regression showed that TQQ + could reliably predict disability by RNDA and WISC-R. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) curve was 0.88 which denoted good diagnostic accuracy of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The TQQ + is valid for screening disabilities in 10-16 year old Bangladeshi children.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONIf children with neurodevelopmental disabilities are screened early, the benefit of intervention will be greater.TQQ + is an easy to administer and low-cost tool that has been validated internationally.The TQQ + is now validated and can be used for children aged 10 to 16 years in Bangladesh.

Impact Of Restorative Material On Fracture Strength Of Root Canal Treated Teeth: An In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: There are several materials available in the market for the core buildup of endodontically treated teeth. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin, amalgam and glass ionomer cement as core buildup materials. METHODS: Forty-eight sound-extracted mandibular premolar teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 teeth each. The first group served as a control and consisted of intact sound teeth. In all of the remaining teeth, root canal treatment was performed first. In Group II composite resin was used as the core build-up material Group III amalgam and Group IV GIC. Teeth were then subjected to fracture using a universal testing machine. RESULTS: One Way ANOVA test was performed to study the differences in the data of the four groups. The mean forces required for fracture were 1050 N for control teeth, 738 N for composite, 872 N for amalgam and 567 N for GIC. The variation is of statistical significance as depicted by a p-value of 0.003. CONCLUSIONS: The highest strength was shown by intact sound teeth. Teeth restored with composite resin and amalgam had similar strengths and those with GIC had significantly lower resistance to fracture.

"If he doesn't buy in, it's a waste of time": Perspectives from diverse parents and adolescents on engaging children in ADHD treatment.

Engaging children and adolescents in ADHD care is critical for future independent disease management. However, there is a lack of evidence guiding health professionals and parents on how best to engage their children and adolescents in ADHD care. We recruited 41 diverse parents of children and adolescents with ADHD and 11 adolescents with ADHD from an urban, safety-net hospital to participate in in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interviews and then analyzed this data using thematic analysis. Children's level of illness insight about ADHD and self-esteem emerged as two major contributors to engagement of children and adolescents in ADHD care, and their intersection created four styles of engagement: proactive (high insight, high self-esteem), anxious (high insight, low self-esteem), apathetic (low insight, high self-esteem), and resistant (low insight, low self-esteem). This framework can help health professionals engage children and adolescents in care for ADHD and guide development of interventions to improve engagement in care.

Mental and physical health correlates of the psychological impact of the first wave of COVID-19 among general population of Pakistan.

The primary aim was to assess the role of mental and physical health of COVID-19 and its psychological impact in the general population of Pakistan during the first wave of COVID-19. It was hypothesized that there would be a significant predictive association among socio-demographic variables, psychological impact and mental health status resulting from COVID-19, and poor self-reported physical health would be significantly associated with adverse psychological impact and poor mental health status because of COVID-19. A cross-sectional survey research design was used in which 1,361 respondents were sampled online during lockdown imposed in the country. The Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) was used to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used to assess participants' mental health status. 18% of the respondents reported moderate to severe event-specific distress, 22.6% reported moderate to severely extreme depression, 29% reported moderate to extreme anxiety, and 12.1% reported moderate to extreme stress. Female gender, having graduate-level education, currently studying, and self-reported physical symptoms (persistent fever, chills, headache, cough, breathing difficulty, dizziness, and sore throat) were significantly associated with higher levels of psychological impact exhibited through higher scores on the IES-R and poorer mental health status exhibited through higher scores on the DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Subscales).

The association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and transverse myelitis: A review.

In late 2019, the emergence of a new viral strain, later referred to as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) took the shape of a global pandemic, affecting millions of lives and deteriorating economies around the globe. Vaccines were developed at an exceptional rate to combat the viral desolation, all of them being rolled out once they displayed sufficient safety and efficacy. However, assorted adverse events came into attention, one of them being Transverse Myelitis (TM), an infrequent, immune-mediated, focal disease of the spinal cord. This disorder can lead to severe neurological complications including autonomic, sensory, and motor deficits. The literature aims to shed light on TM and its various etiologies, specifically in line with the vaccine, and a comprehensive treatment plan. Discussing and reducing the number of vaccines related adverse events can help succor in bringing down the vaccine hesitancy and ultimately combatting the pandemic.

Limited diagnostic facilities impeding the therapeutic approach of Mucopolysaccharidosis in Bangladesh: a case report.

In resource-constrained settings, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a rare hereditary metabolic illness that frequently remains undiagnosed. We present a scenario that illustrates the challenges in diagnosing and managing MPS because of test inaccessibility, and we propose potential approaches to minimize the hurdles. We recommend that physicians anticipate a rare genetic disease, such as MPS, based on the clinical history findings from routine radiological investigations. Additionally, stakeholders should perform risk stratification and implement screening tests as soon as possible to ensure that patients are effectively enrolled in treatment programs.

Membrane protein extraction and purification using partially-esterified SMA polymers.

Styrene maleic acid (SMA) polymers have proven to be very successful for the extraction of membrane proteins, forming SMA lipid particles (SMALPs), which maintain a lipid bilayer around the membrane protein. SMALP-encapsulated membrane proteins can be used for functional and structural studies. The SMALP approach allows retention of important protein-annular lipid interactions, exerts lateral pressure, and offers greater stability than traditional detergent solubilisation. However, SMA polymer does have some limitations, including a sensitivity to divalent cations and low pH, an absorbance spectrum that overlaps with many proteins, and possible restrictions on protein conformational change. Various modified polymers have been developed to try to overcome these challenges, but no clear solution has been found. A series of partially-esterified variants of SMA (SMA 2625, SMA 1440 and SMA 17352) has previously been shown to be highly effective for solubilisation of plant and cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes. It was hypothesised that the partial esterification of maleic acid groups would increase tolerance to divalent cations. Therefore, these partially-esterified polymers were tested for the solubilisation of lipids and membrane proteins, and their tolerance to magnesium ions. It was found that all partially esterified polymers were capable of solubilising and purifying a range of membrane proteins, but the yield of protein was lower with SMA 1440, and the degree of purity was lower for both SMA 1440 and SMA 17352. SMA 2625 performed comparably to SMA 2000. SMA 1440 also showed an increased sensitivity to divalent cations. Thus, it appears the interactions between SMA and divalent cations are more complex than proposed and require further investigation.

Six Stages of Engagement in ADHD Treatment Described by Diverse, Urban Parents.

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition in children. Although ADHD is treatable, barriers remain to engagement in treatment, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged and racial and ethnic minority families. Our goal was to examine the process by which families engage in ADHD treatment and to identify targets for an intervention to improve engagement in care. METHODS: We conducted in-depth semistructured qualitative interviews with 41 parents of diverse youth aged 3 to 17 years old in treatment of ADHD at an urban safety net hospital. Parents were asked about their journey through diagnosis and treatment, community attitudes about ADHD, and other factors influencing treatment access and decision-making. Transcripts were analyzed by using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Of children with ADHD, 69.2% were male, 57.7% were Black or African American, and 38.5% were of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin. Parents were 92.7% female, were 75.6% English speaking, and had a median income of $20 000. Parents described 6 stages to the process of engaging in care for their child's ADHD, which unfolded like a developmental process: (1) normalization and hesitation, (2) fear and stigmatization, (3) action and advocacy, (4) communication and navigation, (5) care and validation, and (6) preparation and transition. Barriers often occurred at points of stage mismatch between parents and providers and/or systems. Difficulty resolving an earlier stage interfered with the progression through subsequent stages. CONCLUSIONS: The 6 stages framework could be used to develop new strategies to measure engagement and to design family-centered interventions to facilitate engagement in ADHD treatment.

Precise oculocentric mapping of transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked phosphenes.

OBJECTIVE: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked phosphenes are oculocentric; their perceived location depends upon eye position. We investigated the accuracy and precision of TMS-evoked phosphene oculocentric mapping. METHODS: We evoked central phosphenes by stimulating early visual cortical areas with TMS, systematically examining the effect of eye position by asking participants to report the location of the evoked phosphene. We tested whether any systematic differences in the precision or accuracy of responses occurred as a function of eye position. RESULTS: Perceived phosphene locations map veridically to eye position, although there are considerable individual differences in the reliability of this mapping. CONCLUSIONS: Our results emphasize the need to carefully control eye movements when carrying out phosphene localization studies and suggest that individual differences in the reliability of the reported position of individual phosphenes must be considered.

GIS- Based Screening Model of Coastal City Karachi for Plantation of Biofuel Source.

Geospatial techniques are mediating in decision making, diversified data management and critical analysis. Jatropha Curcas. is a biodiesel crop and friendly to the regions of saline water environment. This study focuses to map the suitable plantation sites for biodiesel energy crop by using meteorological parameters and satellite imageries of ASTER GDEM and Landsat 8. The thematic layers of soil adjacent to existing vegetation, topographical elevation, slope, land surface temperature, and humidity are created and analyzed with soil types, bareness index and stream orders. Suitability of sites for plantation is a function of these variables which are found to be favorable in the study area. It should be taken into consideration that Jatropha Curcas plantation in Karachi which may contribute in local economic prosperity and support in maintaining heat-sink for the industrialized city.

Frequency, Awareness, and Symptoms of Chikungunya Among Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background  Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an infectious illness spread by the bite of mosquitoes and caused by an arbovirus known as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). This disease has become an epidemic in Karachi and various other cities of Pakistan, affecting a large population, especially those from poor, socioeconomically underdeveloped areas. It is proving to be a severe and alarming cause of debility due to its prolonged detrimental effects on the joints. A significant number of cases are reported daily in different hospitals of Karachi, with Civil Hospital being one of the major tertiary care hospitals. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency and symptoms of chikungunya as well as to assess the participants' awareness about the spread and preventive measures of this disease. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out in Civil Hospital Karachi by approaching patients in the out-patient department (OPD) and the emergency department with complaints of fever and joint pain. All the data was collected via a pre-coded questionnaire during May-June 2017 by taking prior informed verbal consent and were analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 software. Results The age group most affected by this disease was the 21-30 years range, which represented almost a quarter of the cases (n=83, 32.17%). Majority of the respondents (n=214, 82.95%) had heard of the disease, mainly due to their own prior experience with it (n=100, 38.76%). Lethargy (n=219, 84.88%), difficulty in walking (n=213, 82.56%), and headache (n=209, 81.01%) were the major symptoms reported apart from fever (n=258, 100.00%) and arthralgia (n=258, 100.00%). Conclusion CHIKF is proving to be a great threat to people as it impairs their quality of life to a great extent. The recent outbreak of chikungunya has victimized a considerable population of Karachi. This study mainly assessed the severity of the disease and its symptoms as well as the lack of awareness among patients. Proper and effective preventive measures can further help to eradicate this disease on a large scale and prevent future epidemics.

Thyroid Abscess In Children: And The World Gets Stranger.

The eminent feature of the thyroid gland in its resistance to infection by virtue of a rich blood supply and lymphatic drainage. Concomitantly, high iodine content is also bactericidal. Acute suppurative thyroiditis, which leads to primary thyroid abscess, is an unusual type of head and neck infection. And above all, if it is in a paediatric age; it is quite rare. We have the opportunity to present such a noticeable case which was treated successfully by oral antibiotic therapy.