[Clinical features and prognosis in heart failure patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases].

BACKGROUND: Multimorbidity is a specific characteristic of the modern patient with chronic heart failure (CHF) which significantly changes clinical course, prognosis of the syndrome, leads to socio­economic losses and makes significant adjustments to treatment tactics. The goal is to study the clinical features and prognosis of patients with CHF in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 183 HF patients, including with stable CHF, including 105 with CHF combined with COPD. The clinical phenotype was assessed by its belonging to the functional class and the severity of COPD. A 6­minute walk test (6­MWT), spirometry, echocardioscopy, testing on a scale assessing the clinical condition, quality of life were studied. The end points during the year were: all­cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism, and hospitalization rates due to acute decompensation of CHF. RESULTS: The clinical phenotype of CHF combined with COPD was characterized by a high frequency of smoking, low quality of life and exercise tolerance. Respiratory dysfunction in CHF in combination with COPD was characterized by mixed disorders (68.4%), in CHF without lung disease, restrictive (25.6%). Cardiovascular mortality in comorbid pathology was 4.0%, in CHF without COPD - 4.6%; myocardial infarction was observed 1.7 times more often with lung disease than in patients with CHF only (16.8% and 10.8%); stroke was observed exclusively in comorbid pathology (8.9%). The combined endpoint (all cardiovascular events) with CHF in combination with COPD was achieved 2.3 times more often in comparison with patients with COPD only (29.7% and 15.4%). Hospitalization due to acute decompensation of CHF occurred 2 times more often with CHF in combination with COPD than without it (32.7% and 15.4%) with a tendency to increase as the left ventricular ejection fraction decreased. CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrate that COPD contributes to the formation of the clinical phenotype of CHF from the standpoint of the mutual influence of the characteristics of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and also aggravates the prognosis that requires an integrated approach to the differential diagnosis and individualization of pharmacotherapy.

[Family History of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Early Development of Acute Coronary Syndrome].

The aim of the study was to analyze clinical features of patients with premature acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in relation to family history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 2832 patients included in ORACUL 1 and ORACUL 2 multicenter observational trials 512 pts who developed premature ACS (≤55 years for men, ≤60 years for women) and had known family history and LDL level were selected for this study. Of these patients 297 had positive family history (51 with FH, 246 no FH), 215 had negative family history. RESULTS: Among patients with positive family history there were more women (31 vs 20.9 %), while among patients with negative family history there were more men (79.1 vs 69 %). The fact of regular alcohol consumption was significantly more frequently observed among patients with positive family history but without FH, compared to patients with positive family history with FH (69.6 vs 47.1 %). Women with positive family history smoked more frequently than females with negative family history (51.1 vs 31.1 %). Among patients with negative family history compared with patients with positive family history there were more people who at admission had hyperglycemia exceeding 11.1 mmol / l (10.3 vs 4.4 %). Multiple vessel disease and coronary calcinosis were present in 73.2 and 24.7 %, respectively, of patients with positive family history, and in 56.9 and 9.8 %, respectively, of those with negative family history. Among patients with positive family history multivessel disease was more frequent in the subgroup with FH, while coronary calcinosis was more frequent in the subgroup without FH. CONCLUSION: Thus, premature development of ACS might be associated not only with genetic factors but also with family history ("inheritance") of adverse habits. Herewith coronary calcinosis is more prevalent in patients with FH.