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J Pharm Pharmacol ; 73(11): 1562-1570, 2021 Oct 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34387320

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Spirulina platensis (SP) is an edible Cyanobacterium with ethnomedicinal significance. This study aims at evaluating the beneficial effect of SP against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in male rats. METHODS: Rats received intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (2 ml/kg body weight [b.w.] per every other day) for 40 days, alone or in combination with oral treatments of SP (400 mg/kg b.w. per day). KEY FINDINGS: SP attenuated haematological disturbances, serum liver markers, hepatic necrosis and inflammation, and dyslipidemia in CCl4-intoxicated rats. SP also reduced CCl4-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione content, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide levels in the rat liver. Further investigations revealed that SP counteracted CCl4-induced increased hepatic levels of Ki-67 (a parameter of cell proliferation), interleukin-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 messenger RNA expression. Noticeably, the supplementation of SP restored the decrease of proapoptotic p53 protein levels in the liver of rats treated with CCl4. CONCLUSIONS: SP prevented liver damage in CCl4-treated rats via augmentation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and inhibition of inflammatory cytokines/mediators and antiproliferative effects.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control , Liver/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Spirulina , Animals , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Apoptosis , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/complications , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/metabolism , Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/prevention & control , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/complications , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Dietary Supplements , Dyslipidemias/prevention & control , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Inflammation/prevention & control , Lipid Peroxidation , Liver/metabolism , Male , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats, Wistar , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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