A clinical investigation of the association between perioperative oral management and prognostic nutritional index in patients with digestive and urinary cancers.

Background: The prognostic nutritional index (pni) is a simple metric calculated using serum albumin and the peripheral lymphocyte count. It was reported that a low pni score is significantly associated with major postoperative complications and poor prognosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of perioperative oral management (pom) on the perioperative pni profiles of patients with digestive system or urinary cancers. Study Design: The medical records of 181 patients with cancer who underwent surgery and for whom a pni could be calculated were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The intervention rate with pom was 34.8%. The median preoperative pni score was 48.25 in all patients with a pom intervention [25% to 75% interquartile range (iqr): 44.38-54.13] and 47.25 in those without an intervention (iqr: 42.0-53.5). Compared with patients not receiving pom, those who received pom had significantly higher pni scores from the early postoperative period (p < 0.05). Notably, of patients who could resume oral intake within 3 days after surgery, those who received pom intervention, compared with those who did not, had significantly higher pni scores from the early postoperative period (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Perioperative oral management interventions might have positive effects on the postoperative pni scores of patients with cancer.

Synthetic and theoretical studies on group-transfer imidoylation of organotellurium compounds. remarkable reactivity of isonitriles in comparison with carbon monoxide in radical-mediated reactions.

Imidoylation of organotellurium compounds with isonitriles has been investigated in conjunction with the radical-mediated C1 homologation reaction by using CO and isonitriles. Carbon-centered radicals generated photochemically or thermally from organotellurium compounds react with isonitriles in a group-transfer manner to give the corresponding imidoylated products. Organotellurium compounds have been found to serve as effective precursors of a wide variety of stabilized radicals, namely benzyl, alpha-alkoxy, alpha-amino, and acyl radicals, which take part in the imidoylation with high efficiency. The reactions are compatible with various functional groups, and can be carried out in various solvents including environmentally benign water. The reactivity of isonitriles has been compared with that of CO through competition experiments, and the results indicate that isonitriles are superior to CO as radical acceptors in reactions with stabilized radicals. The origin of the differences has been addressed in theoretical studies with density functional theory calculations using the B3LYP hybrid functional. The calculations suggest that both carbonylation and imidoylation proceed with low activation energies, and that there are virtually no differences in the kinetic sense. Instead, it indicates that thermodynamic effects, namely differences in the stability of the acyl and the imidoyl radicals, control the overall course of the reactions.