ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a known complication. The prospective validation of various AKI definitions and estimated baseline renal function equations in the context of TAVR remains an ongoing area of research. This study examined the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) 1 and 2 criteria for AKI, and impact of three estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations (CKD-EPI, MDRD, and Cockcroft-Gault) on AKI incidence in TAVR patients. METHODS: Retrospective review of 120 consecutive TAVR procedures over a 4-year period was performed. AKI, including stage, was defined using the VARC 1 and VARC 2 criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for association between AKI and known patient, hemodynamic, and procedural variables. Further logistic regression, stepwise logistic regression, and association plots were performed for the three different eGFR calculations. RESULTS: AKI occurred in 22% of VARC 1 patients and 23% of VARC 2 patients. On multivariate analysis, baseline eGFR was predictive of stage 1 AKI by CKD-EPI classification (VARC 1: odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-0.99; P=.02; VARC 2: OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.87-0.99; P=.03) and MDRD (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.99; P=.03). Non-transfemoral approach was predictive of stage 1 AKI by VARC 2 (OR, 33.33; 95% CI, 1.6-696.41; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: The risk factor associations for AKI post TAVR vary by definitions used. Decreased GFR at baseline by both MDRD and CKD-EPI and non-transfemoral approach were associated with an increased risk of AKI post TAVR.
Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury , Aortic Valve Stenosis , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement , Acute Kidney Injury/diagnosis , Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve Stenosis/diagnosis , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Humans , Incidence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This single site retrospective observational study assessed the evolution of sedation therapy for severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the intensive care unit. Patient records for 2 intervals were reviewed: Interval 1, which included 87 intensive care unit patients admitted January 2005 through September 2007, for whom benzodiazedpine monotherapy was utilized; and Interval 2, January 2010 through December 2010, for whom 54 of 84 (64.3%) intensive care unit patients, including all those intubated, received adjunctive agents, including dexmedetomidine or propofol. Clinical management was similar for both intervals, as well as prevalence of alcohol withdrawal syndrome versus total adult hospital admissions and comorbid conditions. Overall, respiratory failure (53 versus 39%), seizures (36 versus 18%), and pneumonia (51 versus 38%) were less frequent during Interval 2 (all p < .05), with lower benzodiazedpine basal dose requirements for those given adjunctive therapy. However, if instances of pneumonia or respiratory failure related to seizures prior to intensive care unit admission are excluded, the prevalence of these complications was similar (p = ns) for Interval 1 and Interval 2. Intensive care unit and hospital length of stay were not altered by adjunctive therapy, which was typically employed for more severely affected patients. High intensity sedation with adjunctive drugs led to few cardiovascular adverse events and may have facilitated management, but did not alter intensive care unit course of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
