ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To identify the percentage of ovarian cancers with positive peritoneal cytology and to correlate the positive cytology with the prognostic factors. METHODS: This retrospective, cross-sectional study, evaluated the data of surgical specimens of malignant ovarian tumors, received in the Department of Pathology, Dow University of Health Sciences over a period of three years. The peritoneal cytology was correlated with these prognostic parameters: the size of the tumor, stage, capsular invasion, omental, and lymph node metastasis. RESULTS: Eighty malignant ovarian tumors were diagnosed. Serous carcinoma was the most common ovarian tumor, diagnosed in 24(30.0%) cases, followed by endometrioid carcinoma in 17(21.25%) and Granulosa cell tumor in 11 (13.75%) cases. The mean age of the patients was 41.91 years (range 7-71 years). The mean size of the tumors was 10.03 cm (SD 5.62 cm). The ovarian capsular invasion was present in 27(33.75%) tumors. Peritoneal cytology was positive in 10/24 cases, with a detection rate of 41.66%. Omentum was involved in 12/34(35.29%) cases. Lymph node dissection was performed in three cases, two were reported as positive for metastasis. Peritoneal cytology significantly correlated with the tumor size (p=0.045), and with ovarian capsular invasion (p=0.054) and omental metastasis (p=0.052). Most of the tumors were staged as FIGO stage IA. CONCLUSION: Peritoneal cytology correlates with the tumor size, stage, and omental metastasis of the malignant ovarian tumors. It should be routinely performed at the time of surgery for the optimal staging of the patients.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of diet control and Metformin on placental morphology in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS: After written informed consent 62 GDMs were enrolled. According to WHO criteria, 30 cases of GDMs with blood sugar level <130 mg/dl, were assigned Group B (2000-2500Kcal/day and 30 minute walk thrice weekly were kept on diet control and 32 cases of GDM with blood sugar level >130 mg/dl, assigned Group C were kept on diet with tablet Metformin,(500mg TDS) Finally 25 normal pregnant females were kept in Group A as control. After delivery placentae were preserved and evaluated for morphology. RESULTS: Heavy placentae with abundant villous immaturity, chorangiosis and syncytial knots in group B and fibrinoid necrosis and calcification in group C were seen. In group B versus A placental and cord width while in Group C versus A only cord width in gross morphology showed significant results. In group B versus A villous immaturity, chorangiosis, infarction and syncytial knots in light microscopy were present; similarly in B versus C placental width, chorangiosis and syncytial knots showed significant results, while in C versus A results were non-significant. CONCLUSION: Metformin produced beneficial effects on placental morphology being comparable to normal control in contrast to diet group.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate awareness amongst general population attending Civil Hospital Karachi regarding risk factors associated with infertility. METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted on subjects who were attendants to the patients admitted in Civil Hospital Karachi or had appointment in outpatient department. They were interviewed one-on-one after their verbal consent, through separate questionnaires for each gender, from September 2012 to January 2013. Minimal age of the respondents included was 18 years. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS (version 20.0). RESULTS: A total of 289 attendants were interviewed, 150 were females, with mean age 38.1 +/- 11.3 years, remaining 139 were males having a mean age of 32.5 +/- 9.9 years. Correct knowledge about the risk factors causing infertility was found to be limited among people. Only 159 (66.9%) and 142 (49%) of the total respondents recognized obesity and diabetes as a threat. Just 54 (36%) and 72 (48%) of females were able to appreciate hirsutism and menorrhagia respectively as cause. Sixty (43%) and 67 (48%) of males considered mumps and smoking respectively as culprits. In contrast to previous researches, men received greater votes for being a probable victim of infertility (55%; 159 of the total respondents). CONCLUSION: Inadequacy of knowledge about infertility was clearly demonstrated through this study. This lack of knowledge explains why such a strong stigma is attached to infertility in the society.
