Microalgae-mediated bioremediation: current trends and opportunities-a review.

Environmental pollution poses a critical global challenge, and traditional wastewater treatment methods often prove inadequate in addressing the complexity and scale of this issue. On the other hand, microalgae exhibit diverse metabolic capabilities that enable them to remediate a wide range of pollutants, including heavy metals, organic contaminants, and excess nutrients. By leveraging the unique metabolic pathways of microalgae, innovative strategies can be developed to effectively remediate polluted environments. Therefore, this review paper highlights the potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. It also highlights the advantages of utilizing microalgae and algae-bacteria co-cultures for large-scale bioremediation applications, demonstrating impressive biomass production rates and enhanced pollutant removal efficiency. The promising potential of microalgae-mediated bioremediation is emphasized, presenting a viable and innovative alternative to traditional treatment methods in addressing the global challenge of environmental pollution. This review identifies the opportunities and challenges for microalgae-based technology and proposed suggestions for future studies to tackle challenges. The findings of this review advance our understanding of the potential of microalgae-based technology wastewater treatment.

The efficient role of algae as green factories for nanotechnology and their vital applications.

Nanoscience has witnessed wide developments in various directions, in addition to its crossing through different vital medical and industrial applications. This prompted the development of green nanotechnology that is environmentally friendly with low toxicity, less energy use, and low eco-hazard. So, algae as green autotrophic organisms, gain increasing attention from nanotechnologists, giving a space for the arising of a new field "Algae nanotechnology", where the algae can be used either directly or via mimicry of their unique features and diversity. Algae can biosynthesis nanoparticles in intercellular or extracellular ways, depending on their cellular reactions inside the cells, their secondary metabolites, or extraction of the algal contents. The different ways of using algae for nanoparticles biosynthesis make it available to control the synthesizing of ecofriendly & biocompatible nanoparticles, with different types and morphologies. This review provides an overview of the previous efforts in this emerging field, giving a summary of the ability of algae in nanotechnology, besides future prospective of these trends in algal nanotechnology.