Inquiring asymmetric effects of oil prices, money supply, and domestic debt on consumer prices: an empirical evidence from Pakistan.

Oil prices (OP) may play a significant role in determining inflation in any oil-importing economy and could have an asymmetrical effect as well. Thus, this paper aims to explore the asymmetric influence of OP, broad money supply (BMS), and domestic debt (DD) on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the oil-importing economy of Pakistan using the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) methodology on an annual sample from 1980 to 2021. The long-run results show that increasing OP and BMS have a positive effect on CPI. Similarly, decreasing OP and BMS have a positive effect on CPI. So, increasing OP and BMS is raising price levels, and decreasing OP and BMS is reducing price levels. OP has a positive and symmetrical effect on CPI. However, the BMS has a positive but asymmetrical effect on CPI. Furthermore, the effect of decreasing BMS is found greater than increasing BMS. Moreover, the effect of DD on CPI is also found asymmetrical. The increasing DD has a positive effect, and decreasing DD has a negative effect on CPI. The most of short-run results follow the long-run results. However, energy usage shows a negative effect on CPI in the short run, which is insignificant in the long-run results. This study recommends controlling the money supply and oil prices to reduce consumer prices.

Sustainable environment quality: moderating role of renewable energy consumption in service sector for selected HDR listed countries.

Considering environmental deterioration, an emerging global problem, this study is aimed at determining the impact of the service sector economic activity on environmental quality from the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) perspective and finding ways to reduce the carbon impact of service sector within the EKC relationship. This study proposes that renewable energy intensity in the economy plays an important role in reducing carbon print of service sector. This study is based on secondary data from 1995 to 2021 for different development-wise categorized country groups leading to 115 countries, according to the Human Development Report (HDR) on the Human Development Index (HDI). Estimated results using panel feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) have confirmed inverted U-shaped for very high HDI and medium HDI and U-shaped EKC for low HDI countries. This study is instrumental in confirming the moderating role of renewable energy in the service sector EKC. Policymakers can plan a gradual reduction of carbon footprint in the service sector by transitioning toward renewable energy.

Ultra-Responses of Asphodelus tenuifolius L. (Wild Onion) and Convolvulus arvensis L. (Field Bindweed) against Shoot Extract of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Horse Purslane).

Weed infestation is a prime challenge coupled with lowering crop production owing to their competition with crop plants for available resources such as nutrients, water, space, moisture, and sunlight. Among weed control methods, the implementation of synthetic herbicides offers an instant solution for getting rid of weeds; however, they are a direct source of potential hazards for humans and generate resistance against synthetic weedicides, making them less effective. Allelopathy is something that happens in nature that can be used as a weed control method that increases crop yield and decreases dependency on synthetic chemicals. The mode of action of some phytochemicals corresponds to synthetic herbicides. Due to this feature, allelochemicals are used as bio-herbicides in weed management and prove more environmentally friendly than synthetic weedicides. The present investigation aims to assess the ultra-responses of A. tenuifolius and C. arvensis, while growing them in a pot experiment. Various levels of shoot extract (L2, L3, and L4) of T. portulacastrum along with the L1 (distilled water) and L5 (synthetic herbicide) were applied to the weeds. Results indicated that aqueous extracts of shoot of T. portulacastrum significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affect all the measured traits of weeds and their effects were concentration specific. All morphological parameters were suppressed due to biotic stress with an increase in free amino acids and calcium ions along with a decline in metaxylem cell area and cortical thickness in the root, while the vascular bundle area increased. The shoot extract intrusive with metabolisms corresponded with the synthetic herbicide. It is concluded that Trianthema shoot extract has a powerful phytotoxic impact on weeds (A. tenuifolius and C. arvensis) and can be used in bio-herbicide production.

Energy-growth hypothesis: testing non-linearity by considering production function approach for Spanish economy.

Targeting output growth is among one of the prime concerns of any economy in both the developing and developed world. Energy utilization and exports are important drivers that would help in boosting production activities in any economy. Therefore, beyond labor force and capital formation, exports and energy utilization can be among the important inputs for accelerating economic growth in any economy. This research is conducted to investigate the linear impact of exports and the non-linear effect of energy consumption on economic growth considering the production function approach in the Spanish economy. After considering the bounds test for a period from 1980 to 2019, the study provides evidence of the inverted-U-shaped effect of energy consumption on economic growth. The findings also expose that exports, labor force and capital formation significantly accelerate economic growth in Spain. These findings are consistent with the diagnostics applied in the study. This research proposes that energy consumption should not be increased beyond a certain threshold for reaping the positive fruits of economic growth. Beyond that cutoff, it will become harmful to economic growth. Policy advisors may consider exports to target economic growth in Spain as it helps in expanding production activities in the Spanish economy.

The impact of electric power consumption on economic growth: a case study of Portugal, France, and Finland.

Energy plays a vital role in promoting sustainable economic development in complex societies. This study has analyzed the impact of electricity consumption on three European Union member countries' economic growth, i.e., Portugal, France, and Finland, caring structural breaks in cointegration analyses. The empirical results indicate a positive impact of electric power consumption on economic growth in the long and short run in Finland and Portugal and in the long run in France. The findings also highlight the positive and significant role of the labor force in boosting economic growth in the long and short run in France and Finland. However, it shrinks economic growth in the long run in Portugal. The study discloses the positive role of capital in the long run in the case of Portugal. Similar results are found in all three countries in the short run. Moreover, the study diagnoses a bidirectional causal relationship between economic growth and electric power consumption in Finland in the long and short run and in France in the long run. A growth-promoting or electricity-led growth hypothesis is found in Portugal. By simulating the mean values of electric power consumption, economic growth follows an increasing trend in all the countries. Hence, electric power consumption has appeared an essential factor in elevating economic growth in all three selected countries. Based on these results, this study suggests that the provision of electricity supply ventures may be expanded in the selected EU member countries in order to enhance economic growth. The study also suggests that emphasis should be shifted from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources to ensure the provision of clean energy to all the public under the umbrella of sustainable development goals of 2030. Hence, the present study contributes to achieving sustainable economic growth in the selected EU member countries.

Distribution-based effects of disaggregated GDP and environmental quality-a case of quantile on quantile estimates.

There is a strong association between environmental quality and economic activity. Empirical studies term this relationship as environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) using time series or panel data regression analysis, but their estimates are based on several assumptions. This study has explored the distribution oriented robust effect of disaggregated real GDP on environmental quality. These estimates are free of assumptions and provide the actual distribution of effects rather than a single value of the marginal effect. The data is collected for 189 countries between 1990 and 2018, and estimates are generated using panel quantile regression and quantile on quantile regression. The estimation results point towards the U-shaped industry EKC, inverted U-shaped service EKC, and linear agriculture EKC. The robust, practical, and realistic estimates of real economic activity and environment have paved way towards an in-depth analysis to sustain a better environmental quality.

A technological innovation and economic progress enhancement: an assessment of sustainable economic and environmental management.

This study examines the role of technological innovation and economic progress on environmental pollution by using STRIPAT and EKC theoretical frameworks in 25 developing Asian countries from the period 1998 to 2019. For technological advancement, the energy intensity has been used to gauge how much of the quantity of energy is employed to produce the additional unit of gross domestic product at domestic level. Therefore, the volume of the energy used in the production process is highly important as it is documented through the energy intensity. To capture the impact of innovation, the sum of total patent applications and trademark applications for the sampled countries has been used. This study applied second-generation unit root and panel cointegration techniques to estimate the results. To estimate the long-run relationship of variables and the cross-sectional interdependence, Pedroni Residual and Westerlund Cointegration tests are applied. Further, the Hausman-Taylor-type test has been used to check the efficiency of the pool mean group (PMG). The results of PMG regression confirm the existence of EKC in the developing Asian countries. The results of this study showed that technological development, innovations, and economic progress have the potential to reduce carbon emission and to protect the environment in developing Asian economies. Moreover, the results of error correction model indicate that in case of any external shock, this model will converge towards equilibrium within 64.6 years. The study proposed that a policy framework related to technological innovations should be sustained and the advancement of human capital and research and development should be the primary focus of the developing nations to mitigate the environmental challenges.