ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A cluster of many risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease is used to describe the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, genetic differences associated with metabolic syndrome play a key role in its prevalence and side effects. This study aims to investigate the expression of DYRK1B and its association with metabolic syndrome in a small cohort of Egyptian. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 adult Egyptians (50 with MetS and 50 healthy control subjects) were included to this study. Clinical, biochemical and anthropometric analysis were assessed. Relative gene expressions of DYRK1B were compared between two groups of subjects using real time PCR. RESULTS: We observed marked overexpression in DYRK1B (p < 0.05) in MetS subjects when compared with the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to provide evidence that DYRK1B is highly expressed among the MetS subjects.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics , Biomarkers , Body Weights and Measures , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , Egypt , Female , Humans , Lipids/blood , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Dyrk KinasesABSTRACT
Condensation of carbohydrazide derivatives Ia, b with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and acetylenedicarboxylic acid yielded benzofuran derivatives II a-d. Reaction of Ib with aromatic aldehydes formed products III a-d. Treatment of compounds III a-d with mercaptoacetic acid yielded the cyclocondensation products (IVa-d). Phthalic anhydride reacted with compounds (Ia, b)to form products (Va, b). It has been found that both khellin and visnagin (VIa, b)react with aromatic aldehydes to give arylidene derivatives (VIIa-e). Condensation of diphenyl nitrilamine with 2-arylidene furochromones VII derivatives afforded cyclo-adducts (VIII a-i). The antibacterial activities of the selected compounds were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Erwinia with good results.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemical synthesis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteria/drug effects , Oxazoles/chemical synthesis , Oxazoles/pharmacology , Phthalimides/chemical synthesis , Phthalimides/pharmacology , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Indicators and Reagents , Khellin/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Spectrophotometry, InfraredABSTRACT
Cycloaddition reactions of the nitrilimines 4-6 with N-arylmaleimides 7 and acrylamide (11) yield the pyrrolopyrazole derivatives 8-10 and 2-pyrazolines 12, respectively, in excellent yield. The regioselectivity and biological activities of some of the new compounds were investigated.
