ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chemokine receptors have been shown to play an important role in the development and metastatic spread of various malignancies. In this study, the gene expression profile of some key chemokine receptors involved in metastasis has been investigated in esophageal and breast cancer cell lines. METHODS: In a descriptive study, gene expression profile of CCR1, CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CXCR1, and CXCR4 in human esophageal cancer cell line (KYSE-30) and human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) were analyzed using real-time PCR and their results were compared accordingly. RESULTS: We demonstrated for the first time the expression of CCR1, CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CXCR1, and CXCR4 at transcriptional level in human esophageal cancer cell line. The expression of CCR1, CCR7 and CXCR4 were lower in esophageal compared with breast cancer cells, although without significant difference. CCR9 was highly expressed in esophageal cancer cells as compared to the breast cancer cells (P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression of CCR6 and CXCR1 were higher, although without significant difference. CONCLUSION: Esophageal cancer cells like breast cancer express some key chemokine receptors involved in metastasis. Targeting of proposed receptors in esophageal cancer may be a novel strategy for prevention of cancer metastasis.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: We reviewed the available literature on the accuracy of sentinel node (SN) mapping in the inguinal lymph node staging of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: Medline and SCOPUS were searched by using "sentinel AND vulv*" as key words. Studies evaluating the accuracy of SN mapping in the inguinal lymph node staging of vulvar SCC were included if enough data could be extracted for calculation of detection rate and/or sensitivity. Only studies validated by inguinal lymph node dissection were included for sensitivity meta-analysis. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies were included in the systematic review. Pooled patient and groin basis SN detection rates were 94.4% [92.4-95.9] and 84.6% [80.5-88], respectively. Pooled patient and groin basis sensitivity were 92% [90-95] and 92% [89-94], respectively (or 8% [5-10] and 8% [6-11] false negative rates). Pooled negative predictive values were 97% [96-98] and 98% [97-99] for patient and groin basis analyses respectively. SN detection rate and sensitivity were related to mapping method (blue dye, radiotracer, or both) and location of the tumor (midline vs. lateral tumors). Patients with palpable inguinal nodes had lower detection rate and sensitivity. CONCLUSION: SN mapping is an accurate method for inguinal node staging in vulvar SCC. Combining radiotracer and blue dye methods and excluding patients with palpable inguinal nodes result in the highest detection rate and sensitivity. For midline tumors possible false negative results of SN mapping should be taken into account.
