[Paramphostomid infestation in equids in Egypt]. / Eine Studie zum Paramphistomiden-Befall bei Equiden in Agypten.

The investigation of 156 donkeys in the area of the veterinary faculty of the Tanta University in Kafr el-Sheikh showed that 49 animals (31.41%) were infected with trematodes, 34 donkeys (21.80%) served as hosts for Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus, 22 (14.10%) were infected with Fasciola gigantica und 7 (4.49%) with both trematodes. 6 of 40 examined horses (15.0%) showed monoinfections with G. aegyptiacus only. Because of the fragmentary knowledge on these paramphistomides of equids, some aspects concerning the morphology, pathology and clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, occurrence, host specificity as well as therapy are discussed on the basis of the results from the central Nil delta. From now on further investigations are concentrated on the regional occurrence, frequency of infection of various hosts, seasonal changes of the excretion of eggs and chemotherapeutical possibilities.

Important endoparasites in sheep and goat flocks in Jordan.

In spring 1992 in Jordan 70 flocks of sheep and goats were investigated coproscopically. 838 of altogether 882 small ruminants (= 95.01%) harboured endoparasites. In three different parts of the country--in the vicinities of Ma'an, Kerak and Amman--the results were similar (Dictyocaulus, Nematodirus, Moniezia) or they differed (protostrongylids, Marshallagia and other trichostrongylids, Eimeria). In connection with the established parasite status remarks concerning the therapy, including the problems involved as well as remarks concerning the time of treatment in the investigated area will be made. Finally, suggestions will be made for important and specialized follow-up studies regarding improvement of the situation in this country.

[Chronic gastritis caused by Ollulanus tricuspis (Leuckart, 1865) in a tiger]. / Chronische Gastritis durch Ollulanus tricuspis (Leuckart, 1865) bei einem Tiger.

A chronic gastritis caused by an infestation with O. tricuspis is described. The differential-diagnostic importance of this parasitosis in chronic maldigestive diseases is emphasized. Conventional coproscopic diagnostic procedures fail as the life cycle of the parasite is confined to the gastrum of the host.

[Possibilities and limits of immunodiagnosis of strongyle infections in horses]. / Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Immundiagnostik des Strongylidenbefalles beim Pferd.

In an investigation period over 8 months the natural course of infection was studied by means of coproscopic and serological methods in 27 mares and 29 foals. The examination of the stool showed in mares, before the beginning of the grazing season, an infection rate of 100% with small and a rate of 7.4% with large strongyles (Str. vulgaris). Serologically the ELISA showed in foals only a distinct increase of antibody activity with the somatic antigen. The mares retained the high IgG-values of activity, which were already found at the beginning of the investigations. Even though the agglutination test can be applied for control of the effectiveness of therapy in a horse population, individual diagnostic possibilities remain limited. This is due to the reduced sensitivity and specificity of the IgG(T)-concentration under natural conditions of infection. The double-antibody-sandwich-ELISA technique has shown to be basically feasible as a test for antigens from small strongyles. Somatic antigen could most sensitively be demonstrated by antibodies to ES-antigen, ES-antigen, however, by antibodies against somatic antigens.

[Epidemiologic studies of worm burden in the Swabia piglet production and fattening industry]. / Epidemiologische Untersuchungen zur Wurmbürde in Ferkelerzeuger- und Mastbetrieben Schwabens.

By means of collected samples the status of parasites in 121 farms of piglet producing management in Swabia was coproscopically investigated in almost 5250 animals of various groups, taking into consideration the different methods of control. In contrast to the animals in 2 of 14 fattening farms (=14.3%) the pigs in 78 of 121 farms, including pure breeding and fattening production (=64.5%) were considerably affected with worms. The highest proportion was with 41 and 56.3% the nudular worms, ascarids occurred, depending on the type of management in anything between 16.2 and 375%, coccidia infestations were determined in 18.8 and 19% and whipeworms i.e. stomach worms could be found in 8.5 i.e. 1% relative values between 1.9 and 12.5% were established in threadworms. With prolonging the intervals of therapy according to the different animal groups as well as a more frequent stay on pasture, a high risk of infection seems to be certain, while the difference of single of mass treatment proved to be insignificant.

[Fecal surveys in pastured sheep and the occurrence of Cysticercus tenuicollis in slaughtered sheep]. / Koproskopische Erhebungen an Weideschafen und Vorkommen von. Cysticercus tenuicollis in Schlachtschafen.

Out of 4 fenced pastures, 2 stationary flocks and 3 wandering flocks with approx. 2,000 mother sheep, 962 samples of faeces were checked for the occurrence of gastro-intestinal nematodes and lungworms. Irrespective of the way the sheep are kept, an infestation incidence of 11.1 to 100% with gastro-intestinal nematodes was found. In one flock even after two treatments 66.7% were still infected; therefore, suspect methods of treatment have to be avoided and a constant change of anthelmintics is absolutely essential. Dictyocaulus filaria occurred in 6 out of 9 flocks and was easy to be treated chemotherapeutically, whereas the protostrongyles could be reduced but were not eliminated totally. - 785 out of 4,710 slaughter sheep (= 16.7%) harboured metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena in the omentum majus. In most cases one or two specimens (= 66.6 i.e. 17.6%) of Cysticercus tenuicollis could be found, once there were even 117. 1.332 cysticercus (= 78.1%) showed ready to contract and according to these and other morphological criteria, a total of 1,416 (= 83%) were regarded to be vital and able to evoke an infection. Relating to practice, the sheep dog should always be treated at the same time as deworming of the flock takes place.

[Oxyurid infestation of small laboratory animals and its control with ivermectin]. / Zum Oxyurenbefall kleiner Labortiere und seiner Bekämpfung mit Ivermectin.

Investigations on parasitic infestations in laboratory animal stocks under different keeping conditions were carried out by fecal sample examination. Only barrier-kept mice and rats proved to be free of infections. Under semi-open or conventionally keeping conditions mice were infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera and Syphacia obvelata (max. 94.7 + 69.7%), rats with A. tetraptera and S. muris (48.6 + 94.9%), and hamsters and mongolian jirds with S. obvelata (26.6 and 16%, respectively). Ivermectin, added to the drinking water for the elimination of murine oxyurids, over a 24-hour period, in a dosage of 1.0 (males) and 1.6 mg/kg body weight (females), proved to be highly effective against A. tetraptera; the treatment of S. obvelata-infections requires a dosage correction.

[Helminths of carnivores relevant to veterinary practice]. / Praxisrelevante Helminthen der Fleischfresser.

Especially in an urban environment man and carnivores live closely together, whereby one has to pay attention not only to animal parasites, but also to human pathogenic connections regarding these parasites. Because of the infection risk the animal owner has to be competently informed by his veterinarian. While some cestodes make great demands on hygiene, with others the cycle can be interrupted by consequent diet restrictions. Of all nematodes the stomach worm of the cat is of greater importance as it is easily overlooked because of its small size, is difficult to diagnose and is occurring in our regions with an infestation rate of about 40%. "Larva migrans visceralis" and "Larva migrans cutanea" caused by ascaride and hookworm larvae are important in human medicine and demand therapeutic measures. The contamination of parks, playgrounds and beaches with these parasites caused by carnivores requires a critical evaluation of the human pathogen interests.

[Research on the cat stomach worm, Ollulanus tricuspis (Leuckart, 1865)--state of the art]. / Der Magenwurm der Katze, Ollulanus tricuspis (Leuckart, 1865)--zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Kenntnis.

The stomach worm of the cat with an unusual cycle has a special place among the nematodes. O. tricuspis can develop and breed endogen as well as exogen, the infection of other hosts with freedom of movement, takes place through the ingestion of vomitus material containing parasites. As the conventional coproscopic methods of routine diagnosis have failed, the examination of gastric mucus or gastric mucosal scrapings post mortem offers itself. Intra vitam a provocated vomitus or a gastric irrigation are the diagnostic methods of choice. Increased vomiting of unknown genesis should, however, evoke suspicion relating to an O. tricuspis-infection and suggest an examination of the material. Besides the cat, dog, pig, wild cat, fox, cheetah, lion and tiger act as natural or inadequate hosts. Pathological alterations or clinical symptoms are more obvious in unusual carriers of parasites. Therapeutically only Citarin 2,5% was convincing.

Cyathostominae and other strongyles of horses in the Federal Republic of Germany.

The faeces of 34 horses of the "Bavarian main and state studfarm Schwaiganger" (Group I) and 10 ponies (Group II) from various regions of the Federal Republic of Germany, were examined and 4 834 small strongyles were identified. Three species Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cylicocylus nassatus, were found to be widely distributed. Although various modern anthelmintics with different effective components were used over the past 20 years, no remarkable change has been brought about in the composition of the parasitic species of the horses in the Federal Republic of Germany.