Descriptive Epidemiology of Lymphoma in Northern Iran: Results from the Golestan Registry 2004-2013.

BACKGROUND: There is currently little known about the epidemiology of lymphomas in Iran. The aim of this paper is to describe the geographic and time variations in incidence rates of lymphomas in the Golestan province between 2004 and 2013. METHODS: The Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR) routinely registers primary cancer patients from all sources (e.g. pathology centers, hospitals, etc.) throughout the Golestan province. We obtained data on newly-diagnosed lymphomas in Golestan during 2004-2013 from the GPCR dataset. Crude rates and age standardized incidence (ASR) rates (per 100000) of lymphomas were estimated, joinpoint regression was used to quantify incidence trends and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 898 new cases of lymphoma were registered in the GPCR during 2004-2013. The ASR of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) was 1.5 and 1.1 in males and females, respectively, while corresponding non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) rates were greater, at 6.5 and 3.4 in males and females, respectively. Our results indicated a significant difference in the trends of HL between males (AAPC = -3.2) and females (AAPC = 3.6, P value = 0.001). The incidence rates of lymphoma were considerably higher in the urban population (ASR = 7.3) compared to those residing in rural areas (ASR = 5.3, P value = 0.054). We also found higher incidence rates for both HL and NHL in the western parts of the Golestan province. CONCLUSION: The incidence rates of lymphoma in the Golestan province are relatively high and vary geographically, with a higher incidence observed in the western area. Such differences may reflect unknown lifestyle and environmental determinants linked to ethnic susceptibility differing between the two areas.

The effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on osmotic fragility of red blood cells and plasma levels of malondialdehyde in patients with breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Gamma radiation effects on the erythrocyte membrane from three different functional parts, lipid bilayer, cytoskeleton and protein components. When the red cell membrane is exposed to radiation, it loses its integrity and hemoglobin leaks out. In addition, irradiation leads to lipid peroxidation and the products of this process, leading to hemolysis. The aim of the present study was to measure osmotic fragility (OF) of red blood cells and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a marker of oxidative injury in breast cancer patients treated with radiation and chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The OF test was performed using different concentrations of a salt solution. The measurement of MDA was done with chemical methods.(11) The sampling was taken during three stages of treatment: first sample was taken before starting chemotherapy, the second sample was taken before radiation therapy and the third sample was taken after radiotherapy. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences between levels of MDA in these three stages of treatment were observed. However, the comparison of mean levels of MDA showed an increase after radiotherapy. The OF rate did not show significant difference (P > 0.05) during the stages of treatment. CONCLUSION: In a standard treatment program of radiotherapy and chemotherapy lipid peroxidation level and OF do not significantly increase.

Goiter frequency is more strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma than urine iodine level.

PURPOSE: We designed our study to evaluate the hypothesis that gastric cancer is correlated with iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the total body iodine reserve, thyroid function status and autoimmune disorder in 40 recently diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma cases versus 80 healthy controls. The participants came from a region with high gastric cancer rate but sufficient iodine supply due to salt iodination. The investigation included urine iodine level, thyroid gland clinical and ultrasonographic examination, and thyroid function tests. RESULTS: Goiter was detected more frequently in the case group (P=0.001); such a finding, however, was not true for lower than normal urine iodine levels. The free T3 mean level was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The higher prevalence of goiter rather than low levels of urinary iodine in gastric adenocarcinoma cases suggests that goiter, perhaps due to protracted but currently adjusted iodine deficiency, is more likely to be associated with gastric adenocarcinoma compared to the existing iodine deficiency itself.