ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors have been identified as preventable risk factors for cardiovascular disease; this study aimed to investigate the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in nutritional behaviors related to cardiovascular diseases among the women in Fasa city, Fars province, Iran. METHODS: The study was conducted in two stages. First, the factors affecting nutritional behaviors associated with cardiovascular disease on 350 women who were referred to Fasa urban health centers were determined based on the TPB. In the second stage, based on the results of a cross-sectional study, quasi-expeimental study was performed on 200 women covered by Fasa health centers. The questionnaire used for the study was a questionnaire based on TPB. The questionnaire was completed by the experimental and control groups before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using logistic regression, paired t-test, independent sample t-test, and chi-square test. The level of significance is considered 0.05. RESULT: The constructs of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) were predictors of nutritional behaviors associated with cardiovascular disease in women. The constructs predicted 41.6% of the behavior. The results showed that mean scores of attitude, subjective norms, PBC, intention, nutritional performance related to the cardiovascular disease before intervention were, respectively, 24.32, 14.20, 18.10, 13.37 and 16.28, and after the intervention, were, respectively, 42.32, 25.40, 33.72, 30.13 and 41.38. All the constructs except the attitude in the intervention group were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study showed that the educational intervention based on the TPB would be consider an effective educational and promotinal strategy for the nutritional behaviors to prevent cardiovascular disease in women. Considering the role of mothers in providing family food baskets and the effect of their nutritional behaviors on family members, the education of this group can promote healthy eating behaviors in the community and family.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diet, Healthy , Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Patient Education as Topic , Psychological Theory , Risk Reduction Behavior , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Humans , Iran , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Nutritional Status , Nutritive Value , Risk Assessment , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases among men. This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program based on Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model in promoting prostate cancer screening in a sample of Iranian men. This is a quasi-experimental study carried out on 300 men aged 40 to 70 (the subjects 150 experimental and 150 control groups) in Shiraz City, Fars Province, Iran, in 2016. The participants of the intervention group attended training based on the PRECEDE model. The study compared mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, perceived social support, quality of life, general health, self-efficacy, and screening behaviors of the subjects before and 6 months after intervention in experimental and control groups. The mean age of experimental group was 56.45 ± 8.65, and the mean age of the control group was 55.64 ± 8.71 years (P = 0.521). The study showed that there was a significant increase in the mean score of knowledge, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy, enabling factors, perceived social support, quality of life, public health and screening behaviors of the experimental group; however, no significant change was observed in the mean score of knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, quality of life, general health, perceived social support, enabling factors, and screening behaviors of the control group. Our findings showed that the health education programs designed based on PRECEDE could positively affect prostate cancer screening behaviors of individuals by improving their knowledge level and attitude, enabling factors, perceived social support, quality of life, general health, and self-efficacy.
Subject(s)
Early Detection of Cancer/statistics & numerical data , Health Education/methods , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Models, Educational , Patient Education as Topic , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Early Detection of Cancer/psychology , Health Status Indicators , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/psychology , Quality of Life , Self CareABSTRACT
Objective. To explore the attitudes of nursing students and professors towards community-based training and internship in Fasa, Fars, Iran. Methods. This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach. Data from students and professors were collected through five focal groups and data from patients was collected by using field notes. Interviews were conducted with 17 students and three professors responsible for implementing the study plan; in addition, 800 patient-related field notes were analyzed. Results. Community-based training and internship were identified as useful from the point of view of students, professors, and clients. Results were classified into two principal categories: "health preservation and promotion" and "promotion of students' skills". Conclusion. Attitudes toward the formation and community internship are favorable insofar as it is a highly beneficial experience for students, professors, and patients. (AU)
Objetivo. Explorar las actitudes de los estudiantes y profesores de Enfermería hacia la formación y pasantías comunitarias en Fasa, Fars, Iran. Métodos. Estudio realizado en Fasa (Irán) con enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico. Los datos de los estudiantes y profesores se recogieron a partir de cinco grupos focales, los datos de los pacientes y con notas de campo. Se entrevistaron a 17 estudiantes y a tres profesores responsables de implementar el plan de estudios y se analizaron 800 notas de campo relacionadas con pacientes. Resultados. La capacitación y prácticas en la comunidad se identificaron como útiles desde el punto de vista de los estudiantes, profesores y pacientes. Los resultados se clasificaron en dos categorías principales: "preservación y promoción de la salud" y "promoción de las habilidades de los estudiantes". Conclusión. Las actitudes hacia formación y la pasantía en la comunidad son favorables al ser una experiencia altamente beneficiosa para los estudiantes, los profesores y los pacientes. (AU)
Objetivo. Explorar as atitudes dos estudantes e professores de Enfermagem à formação e estágios comunitários em Fasa, Fars, Irão. Métodos. Estudo realizado com enfoque qualitativo fenomenológico. Os dados dos estudantes e professores foram recolhidos através de cinco grupos focais e os dados dos pacientes se recolheram utilizando notas de campo. Se entrevistaram a 17 estudantes e três professores responsáveis de implementar o plano de estudos e se analisaram 800 notas de campo relacionadas com pacientes. Resultados. A capacitação e práticas na comunidade se identificaram como úteis durante um ano desde o ponto de vista dos estudantes, professores e clientes. Os resultados se classificaram em duas categorias principais: "preservação e promoção da saúde" e "promoção das habilidades dos estudantes". Conclusão. As atitudes à formação e o estágio na comunidade são favoráveis à ser uma experiência altamente benéfica para os estudantes, os professores e os pacientes. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Nursing , Attitude , Focus Groups , Qualitative Research , Health PromotionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To explore the attitudes of nursing students and professors towards community-based training and internship in Fasa, Fars, Iran. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis approach. Data from students and professors were collected through five focal groups and data from patients was collected by using field notes. Interviews were conducted with 17 students and three professors responsible for implementing the study plan; in addition, 800 patient-related field notes were analyzed. RESULTS: Community-based training and internship were identified as useful from the point of view of students, professors, and clients. Results were classified into two principal categories: "health preservation and promotion" and "promotion of students' skills". CONCLUSIONS: Attitudes toward the formation and community internship are favorable insofar as it is a highly beneficial experience for students, professors, and patients.
