Spatiotemporal macro debris and microplastic variations linked to domestic waste and textile industry in the supercritical Citarum River, Indonesia.

Rivers are the key conduits for land-to-sea debris transport. We present in situ monitoring data of macro debris and microplastic along the supercritical Citarum River in Indonesia We identified the dams as concentrated areas of microplastic. Plastics accounted for 85% of the riverine debris (5369 ± 2320 items or 0.92 ± 0.40 tons daily). We estimated macrodebris releases of 6043 ± 567 items or 1.01 ± 0.19 tons daily with a microplastic concentration of 3.35 ± 0.54 particles per m3 from Citarum River to sea. It has been suggested that population density and urbanization rate are major factors determining the spatiotemporal variability of macrodebris and microplastic abundances in the Citarum River. Our research highlights the importance of long-term monitoring to estimate debris and microplastics inflows along the Indonesian river to the world ocean as a benchmark for the reduction of macro and microdebris into the environment.

Capturing consumer value and clustering customer preferences in the Indonesian halal beef market.

The Indonesian consumer behavior has changed over the last decades, and hence reviewing consumer value is crucial for the halal beef industry. This study explores halal beef consumer preferences and its segmentation. The research design constituted descriptive with a quantitative approach. Focus group discussions and consumer surveys were conducted through face-to-face interview toward 440 middle-class Muslim households in Indonesian top ten cities. The data analysis uses conjoint and clusters analysis. The essential attributes of halal beef in the order of priority are a red color, zero residues, latest production, halal guarantee label positions for each cluster, clean, tender, and flavor (p-value = 0.000). Beef consumers consist of four clusters comprising sanctity, clarity, quality, and safety. Based on demographic characteristics, the age and family size differences among groups were not significant, with each p-value at 0.356 and 0.189, while based on consumption and buying preference, each cluster has not significantly different in their beef consumption level, with a p-value at 0.102.