Detection of Abdominal Lymph Node Metastasis from Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor by Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy: Comparison with Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 Immunostaining.

We report a 58-year-old male with a histopathologically proven grade 2 (G2) pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm and multiple abdominal node metastases by use of a laparoscopic pancreatic body and tail resection procedure, plus abdominal lymph node dissection. A primary pancreatic tail neuroendocrine tumor sized 20 × 25 mm was detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) examinations and pathologically diagnosed as a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET, G2) based on positive immunostaining for somatostatin receptor (SSTR) type 2. Of three metastatic histopathological lymph nodes, two measured 18 × 21 and 10 × 12 mm, respectively, with whole strong SSTR immunostaining showing moderate uptake in SRS findings, whereas the other node, sized 8 × 10 mm, had strong SSTR immunostaining only in a small 6 × 6-mm-sized portion and showed no uptake in SRS findings, likely because of the limited spatial resolution of scintigraphy. On the other hand, only the largest node (18 × 21 mm) was visualized by FDG-PET. SRS may be useful for metastatic lymph node diagnosis based on SSTR immunostaining, though a disadvantage is the spatial resolution limitation.

Effects of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 administration on influenza infection, influenza vaccine antibody titer, and cell-mediated immunity in the elderly.

Twenty-seven elderly subjects (mean age 86.7+/-6.6 years) were pre-administered a test food containing 1x10(11) cfu of BB536 daily for 5 weeks (P1), during which they also received influenza vaccination at week 3. The subjects were then randomized to a BB536 group and a placebo group for 14 weeks (P2). The proportion of subjects who contracted influenza was significantly lower in BB536 group than in the to placebo group. The proportion of subjects with fever was also significantly lower in the BB536 group than in the placebo group. In the P1 period, the NK cell activity and the bactericidal activity of the neutrophils were significantly higher at week 5 than to before BB536 administration. In the P2 period, although NK cell activity and neutrophilic activities declined at the end of the study in both the placebo and the BB536 group, neutrophil phagocytic activity and NK cell activity tended to maintain slightly higher levels in the BB536 group than in the placebo group. These results suggest that continuous ingestion of BB536 reduces the incidence of influenza and fever, probably by potentiating innate immunity.