[Lower urinary tracts symptoms after female genital mutilation: A review]. / Troubles fonctionnels du bas appareil urinaire après mutilation sexuelle féminine : revue de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this article is to summarise the data available in literature on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)] after female genital mutilation (MSF). METHODS: Our review identified 177 publications, 14 of which were included in the article. RESULTS: With regard to short-term complications, the prevalence of Acute Urinary Retention (RAU) after MSF is estimated between 3% and 12%. With respect to long-term complications, the data is discordant on repeat urinary tract infections (IUR) after MSF with an estimated prevalence between 9% and 39%. The prevalence of LUTS is significantly increased among women having suffered MSF. For example, mixed urinary incontinence is significantly higher in the MSF group with OR 5.17 CI 95% (2.34-12.97). And the more important the MSF is, the higher the LUTS prevalence is. Medical and surgical treatments are empirical and not evaluated. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to better characterize and evaluate the prevalence of LUTS after MSF as well as the interest and efficiency of different therapeutics.

[Agenesis of the corpus callosum. An example of prognosis uncertainty in fetal medicine]. / Agénésie du corps calleux. Un exemple d'incertitude pronostique en médecine foetale.

OBJECTIVE: For an increasing number of fetal pathologies, means of diagnosis have progressed faster than knowledge of the prognosis. Decisions are extremely difficult for the medical staff and the parents each time that outcome is uncertain. Agenesis of the corpus callosum, whose diagnosis may be certain through ultrasonography and MRI illustrates this situation well. METHODS: A historical multicentric study enabled us to analyze 37 cases of agenesis of the corpus callosum with a prenatal diagnosis and 10 cases with a post-natal one. RESULTS: Among the 37 prenatal diagnoses, we found 28 cases of medical abortions according to the French law and 9 newborns. Among the 9 newborns, we observed one neonatal death related to an acute fetal distress and 3 post-natal deaths between 1 and 3 months. Among the 10 cases diagnosed after birth, one died, 7 are in good health with a follow-up from 7 months to 6 years and 2 have neurological disturbances. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it seems essential to deepen knowledge of the prognosis and the evolutivity of this affliction in order to give the parents more precise information. However, knowledge of the prognosis is difficult because of the large number of abortions performed for medical reasons. Only a multicentric study, with a long-term pediatric follow-up, will enable us to better understand the prognosis of corpus callosum agenesis.