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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 106(34): 14587-92, 2009 Aug 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19706545

ABSTRACT

Plants accumulate free L-proline (Pro) in response to abiotic stresses (drought and salinity) and presence of bacterial pathogens, including the tumor-inducing bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. However, the function of Pro accumulation in host-pathogen interaction is still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Pro antagonizes plant GABA-defense in the A. tumefaciens C58-induced tumor by interfering with the import of GABA and consequently the GABA-induced degradation of the bacterial quorum-sensing signal, 3-oxo-octanoylhomoserine lactone. We identified a bacterial receptor Atu2422, which is implicated in the uptake of GABA and Pro, suggesting that Pro acts as a natural antagonist of GABA-signaling. The Atu2422 amino acid sequence contains a Venus flytrap domain that is required for trapping GABA in human GABA(B) receptors. A constructed atu2422 mutant was more virulent than the wild type bacterium; moreover, transgenic plants with a low level of Pro exhibited less severe tumor symptoms than did their wild-type parents, revealing a crucial role for Venus flytrap GABA-receptor and relative abundance of GABA and Pro in host-pathogen interaction.


Subject(s)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens/physiology , Plants/microbiology , Proline/pharmacology , Quorum Sensing/drug effects , Receptors, GABA/genetics , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genetics , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/pathogenicity , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Arabidopsis/microbiology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects , Host-Pathogen Interactions , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiology , Mutation , Plant Tumors/microbiology , Plants/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified , Proline/metabolism , Quorum Sensing/genetics , Quorum Sensing/physiology , Receptors, GABA/metabolism , Time Factors , Nicotiana/genetics , Nicotiana/metabolism , Nicotiana/microbiology , Valine/pharmacology , Virulence/genetics , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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