A Nickel-Doped Dehydrobenzoannulene-Based Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework for the Reductive Cleavage of Inert Aryl C-S Bonds.

The development of metalated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is useful for generating recyclable catalytic systems for practical applications. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of an azine-linked two-dimensional (2D) COF containing nickel-doped dehydrobenzoannulene (DBA) units. We demonstrate that Ni-DBA-2D-COF can be used to reductively cleave the aryl C-S bonds of several organosulfur compounds utilizing dimethylethylsilane as the reducing agent. The Ni-DBA-2D-COF catalytic system displays excellent recyclability and good yields. This work highlights a rare example of utilizing metalated DBA complexes to perform catalytic transformations.

The luminescent and photophysical properties of covalent organic frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers that have attracted significant attention due to their tunable properties and structural robustness. As a result, COFs with luminescent properties are of great interest for fields such as chemical sensing, solid-state light emitters, photocatalysis, and optoelectronics. However, the bottom-up synthesis of luminescent COF systems remains a challenge in the field due to an abundance of competing non-radiative pathways, including phenomena such as aggregate caused quenching (ACQ). To overcome these obstacles, there has been a burgeoning investigation into the luminescent and photophysical properties of COFs. This review will highlight methods used to fabricate luminescent COFs and discuss the factors that are critical for their production. A collection of known luminescent COF systems will be featured. In addition, the ability to utilize the photophysical properties of COFs for applications related to photocatalysis, solid-state light emitters, and chemical sensing will be addressed. An outlook will address the current progress and remaining challenges facing the field to ultimately expand the scope of their applications.

Migration and marital status. The case of Switzerland.

"The present study describes...a part of the interrelation of living arrangements and migration: The connection between marital status and spatial mobility. Moreover, the significance of the reasons for family migration will be assessed. [Section] 2 covers the relationship between family or household structure and change of residence and refers to the findings of other studies. The third [section] presents the empirical findings which are to be seen against the background of changing household and family patterns in Switzerland over the last 20 to 30 years. With the aid of aggregated data from censuses and population registration offices, the differences in migratory behaviour by socio-demographic characteristics are first shown: by age, sex, marital status and nationality. In addition, a distinction is made between intercommune, intercantonal and international migration. The initial findings of the descriptive analysis are followed by multivariate statistics produced with the aid of microdata from the Swiss Labour Force Survey." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND GER)

Mineralization of the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 by a 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate-degrading bacterial consortium.

Under anaerobic conditions the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 was reduced by the biomass of a bacterial consortium grown aerobically with 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid. Stoichiometric amounts of the aromatic amines 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate and 5-aminosalicylate were generated and excreted into the medium. After re-aeration of the culture, these amines were mineralized by different members of the bacterial culture. Thus, total degradation of a sulfonated azo dye was achieved by using an alternating anaerobic-aerobic treatment. The ability of the mixed bacterial culture to reduce the azo dye was correlated with the presence of strain BN6, which possessed the ability to oxidize various naphthalenesulfonic acids. It is suggested that strain BN6 has a transport system for naphthalenesulfonic acids which also catalyzes uptake of sulfonated azo dyes. These dyes are then gratuitously reduced in the cytoplasm by unspecific reductases.

Alternative indicators for measuring hospital productivity.

This article explores the premise that the appropriateness and usefulness of typical hospital productivity measures have been affected by three changes in delivery: Organizational restructuring and other definition and data source changes that make full-time equivalent employee (FTE) measurements ambiguous. Transition to prospective payment (diagnosis-related groups). Increase in capitation (prepaid, at risk) programs. The effects of these changes on productivity management indicate the need for alternative productivity indicators. Several productivity measures that complement these changes in internal operations and the external hospital business environment are presented. These are based on an analysis of four hospitals within a multihospital system, and an illustration and interpretation of an array of measures, based on ten months of actual data, is provided. In conclusion, the recommendation is made for hospital management to collect an expanded set of productivity measures and review them in light of changing expense and revenue management schemes inherent in new payment modes.