ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the value of spectral-detector computed tomography (SDCT) parameters for the quantitative differentiation between atelectasis and pneumonia on contrast-enhanced chest CT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-three patients, 22 clinically diagnosed with pneumonia and 41 with atelectasis, underwent contrast-enhanced SDCT scans during the venous phase. CT numbers (Hounsfield Units [HU]) were measured on conventional reconstructions (CON120kVp) and the iodine concentration (Ciodine, [mg/ml]), and effective atomic number (Zeff) on spectral reconstructions, using region-of-interest (ROI) analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated to assess each reconstruction's potential to differentiate between atelectasis and pneumonia. RESULTS: On contrast-enhanced SDCT, the difference between atelectasis and pneumonia was significant on CON120kVp, Ciodine, and Zeff images (p < 0.001). On CON120kVp images, a threshold of 81 HU achieved a sensitivity of 93 % and a specificity of 95 % for identifying pneumonia, while Ciodine and Zeff images reached the same sensitivity but lower specificities of 85 % and 83 %. CON120kVp images showed significantly higher CNRs between normal lung and atelectasis or pneumonia with 30.63 and 27.69 compared to Ciodine images with 3.54 and 1.27 and Zeff images with 4.22 and 7.63 (p < 0.001). None of the parameters could differentiate atelectasis and pneumonia without contrast media. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced SDCT can differentiate atelectasis and pneumonia based on the spectral parameters Ciodine, and Zeff. However, they had no added value compared to CT number measurement on CON120kVp images. Furthermore, contrast media is still needed for a differentiation based on quantitative SDCT parameters.
Subject(s)
Colon, Sigmoid , Constipation/etiology , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Constipation/therapy , Humans , InfantABSTRACT
A systematic radiologic study of the skeletal system of 72 children with different forms of neurofibromatosis (NF) revealed a high proportion of spinal defects. Scoliosis was found in 46%, anomalies of the vertebrae in an even higher percentage, particularly cleft spine in 25%, wedge-shaped vertebrae in 22% and scalloping of vertebrae in 40%. Radiographic examination of children with even minimal signs of NF was helpful in confirming the diagnosis, staging of patients and obtaining additional hints in regard to the long term prognosis of children with neurofibromatosis.
Subject(s)
Neurofibromatosis 1/pathology , Spinal Neoplasms/pathology , Spine/pathology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Spinal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Spine/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
205 patients with a painful hip joint have been investigated prospectively. The examination technique and the sonoanatomy of the hip joint are illustrated. An intraarticular effusion could be detected in 105 patients. Depending on the aetiology and the duration of disease, different echostructures of the fluid collections were noted. Additionally, the reaction of the synovia and of the articular capsule allowed the discrimination of transient synovitis and septic arthritis. Extraarticular alterations were found in 11, changes of the bone contour in 40 patients (osteomyelitis, slipping femoral epiphysis, or Perthes-Calvé disease). Sonography is recommended as method of choice in excluding, confirming and differentiating intraarticular effusions. Intra- and periarticular affections can be distinguished safely. Bone alterations may be detectable as well.
Subject(s)
Hip Joint , Joint Diseases/diagnosis , Pain/etiology , Ultrasonography , Arthritis/diagnosis , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Epiphyses, Slipped/diagnosis , Humans , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Synovitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
A total number of 204 patients presenting with an acutely or subacutely painful hip joint were investigated in two prospective studies. Intraarticular fluid collections were detected in 104 patients. The joint effusions showed different echopatterns depending on etiology and duration of disease. Additional diagnostic criteria such as synovial hypertrophy and thickening of the articular capsule allowed the distinction between transient synovitis and septic arthritis. Bony changes were encountered in 40 patients with osteomyelitis, slipping femoral epiphysis or Perthes-Calvé disease. Ultrasonography is recommended as method of choice in detecting, excluding and differentiating of joint effusions.
Subject(s)
Hip Joint/pathology , Osteomyelitis/diagnosis , Pain/etiology , Ultrasonography , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis , Child , Child, Preschool , Femur Head Necrosis/diagnosis , Hemarthrosis/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Middle Aged , Osteochondritis/diagnosis , Prospective Studies , Sarcoma, Synovial/diagnosis , Syndrome , Synovitis/diagnosisSubject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Fibroma/diagnostic imaging , Leg , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Child , Fibroma/pathology , Humans , Male , RadiographySubject(s)
Bronchi , Intubation, Intratracheal , Pulmonary Emphysema/therapy , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnostic imaging , RadiographyABSTRACT
Isolated acholeplasma laidlawii strains exhibited highly differentiated behaviours regarding their udder pathogenicity. Twelve of 16 tested strains were pathogenic to udder. Symptoms of acute udder inflammation were caused by all ten A. laidlawii strains isolated from differentiated material of calf, but by only two of six strains isolated from differentiated material of cattle. Intracisternal instillation of both strains from milk and one strain each from udder skin or cervical mucus caused merely temporary disorders of secretion. Ultrasonic extracts of A. laidlawii strains, some of them additionally heated, were intracisternally applied, as well. Udder irritation was caused only by those acholeplasma strains which were udder-patha was assumed to be attributable to a toxin of the polysaccharide type. Pathogenicity to udder was recorded also from one M. alkalescens strain isolated from a nose swab taken of cattle as well as from two A. granularum strains isolated from calf lungs.
Subject(s)
Acholeplasma laidlawii/pathogenicity , Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Female , Lactation , Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism , Mastitis, Bovine/metabolism , Milk/metabolism , Mycoplasma/pathogenicity , Mycoplasma Infections/metabolism , Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology , Species Specificity , VirulenceABSTRACT
Strains of M. bovis, A. laidlawii, A. axanthum, and one unidentified strain of the family of mycoplasmataceae as well as altered secretion obtained from cows with mastitis were intracisternally applied in experiments and proved to be pathogenic to cattle udder. The results are likely to suggest the importance of mycoplasma isolated from the milk of mastitis cows to the aetiology of enzootic mastitis in three large dairy cattle stocks. Intravenous application of M. bovis and A. laidlawii caused neither mastitis nor mycoplasma secretion in the milk.
Subject(s)
Acholeplasma laidlawii/pathogenicity , Mastitis, Bovine/etiology , Milk/microbiology , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Mycoplasma/pathogenicity , Acholeplasma laidlawii/isolation & purification , Animals , Cattle , Female , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma Infections/etiology , VirulenceABSTRACT
Reported in this paper is the occurrence of enzootic mastitis in three dairy cattle stocks. The outbreaks had been caused by Mycoplasma bovis, Acholeplasma laidlawii, Acholeplasma axanthum as well as by one unidentified strain of the family of mycoplasmataceae. All animals with positive response to mycoplasma tests were identified an selected by repetitive testing of cultures in milk samples which had been taken from all lactating and dry cows and heifers as well as by evaluation of organ samples obtained from slaughtered cows. Regular cleaning and disinfection of stands in cowsheds, cattle tracks, and milk parlours as well as disinfection of udders and milking cups worked extremely well throughout the action in control of those cases of enzootic mycoplasma mastitis.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology , Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary , Acholeplasma/isolation & purification , Animals , Cattle , Female , Germany, East , Mastitis, Bovine/etiology , Milk/microbiology , Mycoplasma/isolation & purification , Mycoplasma Infections/epidemiology , Mycoplasma Infections/etiology , Species SpecificityABSTRACT
The study concerns x-ray findings in the GI-tract of 45 children with Crohn's disease. or X-ray diagnosis strict minimum criteria are required besides exact localisation and extension of alterations. The typical x-ray signs, the frequency of occurance in the various portions of the GI-tract are pointed out.
Subject(s)
Crohn Disease/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Age Factors , Cecum/diagnostic imaging , Child , Colon/diagnostic imaging , Crohn Disease/pathology , Female , Humans , Intestine, Small/diagnostic imaging , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
Reported are results obtained from studies into oral and parenteral immunisation of calf. The approaches had included the use of live (Smd) or dead antigen from Salmonella (S.) dublin and a combination of the two immunisation methods. Live antigen (Smd) was superior to thermally activated dead antigen, when the oral route was used to prevent S.-dublin injection of calves. The above findings were supported by results from analogous studies in which S. typhimurium and S. dublin or live antigen (Smd) or dead antigen, made of the two, had been applied to mice. (One single subcutaneous) parenteral administration did hardly reveal any difference in favour of live vaccine (Smd). Parenteral administration of live or dead antigen proved to be less effective than repeated oral immunisation, particularly when live vaccine (Smd) was used. Immunity not less than up to six months of age against S. dublin wild strain infection can be provided for young calves by oral immunisation, with Smd vaccine (5. 1010 to 1. 1011 live germs/d) being given on ten consecutive days. Calves orally immunised with live antigen (ten repetitive applications of Smd mutants) are likely to develop an antibody titre (H-agglutinins) against S. dublin. Parenteral boostering,using live antigen, has been accompanied by sensitisation due to oral live antigen administration as well as by dose dependence, as was seen from the bactericidal values. Sensitisation was established from orally immunised calves up to three months old (typical booster reaction). Some of it was attributabale to confrontation with wild strains of Salmonella. The H-agglutinin titres of animals aged threemonths in a calf herd with salmonelloses in which all animals had been orally Smd-immunised were close to those recorded from calves in stocks with no salmonellosis occurrence. Under the conditions of oral immunisation, there had obviously been no action of the wild strain which might have triggered intensive antibody formation.
Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases/prevention & control , Salmonella Infections, Animal/prevention & control , Administration, Oral , Animals , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Cattle , Immunization/methods , Injections, Subcutaneous , Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosageABSTRACT
By means of two aerosol apparatures radioactive labelled Pasteurella-multocida-germs were given to calves via a respiratory mask. Labelling of Pasteurellae was done internal by using special nutritive media with Fe-59 or P-32. In a period of 10-25 minutes 5 X 10(9)-10(10) labelled bacteria were given to the animals for inhalation. Another animal group was injected intratrachealy with the same quantity of labelled germs. Immediately after termination of germ application the animals were killed and dissected. After solution or homogenization, respectively of the total lung tissue radioactivity was determined by liquid-scintillation-counting (Fe-59) or Cerenkov-measurement (P-32), respectively. The activities recovered from lung homogenates rendered is possible to calculate the received amount of bacteria. 40-80% of germs would be recovered in the lung after application by intratracheal injection while only 1-7% could be recovered after individual aerosol application lasting for 15-25 minutes.
