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1.
Laryngorhinootologie ; 98(1): 48-59, 2019 Jan.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30005427

ABSTRACT

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin. Even if it is quite rare, the incidence has increased about two fold during the last twenty years. Mortality is higher than in malignant melanoma. Risk factors are chronic UV exposition and immunosuppression. MCC are most common in patients over 70 years and half of them manifest in the head and neck region. They early metastasize to regional lymph nodes. Surgical therapy should include wide resection of the primary tumor and diagnostic lymph node excision. In the head and neck region this means usually ipsilateral selective neck dissection. Adjuvant radiotherapy of the primary tumor bed and associated lymph nodes of the head and neck region decreases recurrence and should be performed in every patient regardless of the T- and N-stage. In the head and neck region adjuvant radiotherapy can only be spared in selected patients with low-risk profile (wide excisional margins > 2 cm, primary tumor size > 1 cm, absent lymphovascular infiltration, no immunosuppression and pathologic negative cervical lymph nodes). Isolated radiotherapy or systemic therapies are usually applied in patients with metastasized MCC. Disease recurrence is most common in the first two years after initial diagnosis. Patients should be examined at short intervals during this time.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/pathology , Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/therapy , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
2.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges ; 16(1): 15-20, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29314683

ABSTRACT

Die erosive pustulöse Dermatose der Kopfhaut (EPDK) ist eine entzündliche Erkrankung unbekannter Ätiologie. Wir besprechen die EPDK und präsentieren unsere eigene klinische und histopathologische Erfahrung von elf Patienten. Die EPDK neigt dazu, spontan die kahle Kopfhaut älterer Patienten zu befallen. Anamnestisch wird häufig - so auch bei vier unserer Patienten - eine vorausgegangene Operation an selbiger Stelle angegeben. Koronare Herzerkrankung, cerebraler Insult, arterieller Hypertonus, Diabetes mellitus und ernste Krebserkrankungen wurden ebenfalls häufig als Komorbidität diagnostiziert. Die meisten Patienten zeigen trotz antiinflammatorischer Lokaltherapie einen schwankenden klinischen Verlauf, bei einigen heilt die Läsion unter Narbenbildung ab. Histopathologisch findet sich eine Kruste oder Erosion mit Granulationsgewebe-ähnlichen Veränderungen im Korium mit späterer Entstehung einer Narbe. Neben einer lokalen und aktinischen Schädigung könnten eine eingeschränkte Immunität und Mikrozirkulation prädisponierende Faktoren der Erkrankung sein. Analog zum Pyoderma gangraenosum muss die EPDK bei nichtheilenden Wunden älterer Patienten bedacht werden, nachdem die Differenzialdiagnosen, die diese Erkrankung simulieren, ausgeschlossen wurden. Da vorausgegangene oder benachbarte Basalzell- und insbesondere Plattenepithelkarzinome häufig sind und infiltrative Varianten jenseits des klinisch sichtbaren Krankheitsprozesses vorkommen, kann im Zweifelsfall eine sogenannte histologische Kartierung der umgebenden Haut ratsam sein.

3.
J Dtsch Dermatol Ges ; 16(1): 15-19, 2018 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29232032

ABSTRACT

Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is an inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology. Herein, we present a review of the disease and report our own clinical and histopathological experience in eleven patients. EPDS tends to spontaneously affect bald areas of the scalp in elderly individuals. A history of previous surgery at the same site - as observed in four of our patients - is common. Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular insult, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and severe cases of cancer were frequent comorbidities. Most patients show an undulating clinical course despite topical anti-inflammatory treatment; in some individuals, the lesions heal with scarring. Histopathology reveals scaly crusts or erosions and granulation tissue-like changes in the dermis, evolving into a scar in more advanced stages. Apart from actinic/local damage, impaired immunity and microcirculation may be predisposing factors of the disease. Similar to pyoderma gangrenosum, EPDS must be considered in the context of nonhealing wounds in the elderly after the differential diagnoses mimicking EPDS have been ruled out. Given that previous or concomitant adjacent basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma is a common finding and that infiltrative variants extending beyond the clinically visible tumor may occur, histological mapping of the surrounding skin may be advisable in doubtful cases.


Subject(s)
Scalp Dermatoses/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/diagnosis , Administration, Topical , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Basal Cell/therapy , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Debridement , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Scalp , Scalp Dermatoses/therapy , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous/therapy , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/therapy
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