ABSTRACT
The aims of the present study were to evaluate the bactericidal activity of a new antiseptic agent, ozone nano-bubble water (NBW3), against periodontopathogenic bacteria and to assess the cytotoxicity of NBW3 against human oral cells. The bactericidal activities of NBW3 against representative periodontopathogenic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) were evaluated using in vitro time-kill assays. The cytotoxicity of NBW3 was evaluated using three-dimensional human buccal and gingival tissue models. The numbers of colony forming units (CFUs)/mL of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans exposed to NBW3 dropped to below the lower limit of detection (<10 CFUs mL-1) after only 0.5 min of exposure. There were only minor decreases in the viability of oral tissue cells after 24 h of exposure to NBW3. These results suggest that NBW3 possesses potent bactericidal activity against representative periodontopathogenic bacteria and is not cytotoxic to cells of human oral tissues. The use of NBW3 as an adjunct to periodontal therapy would be promising.
ABSTRACT
AIM: Ozone nano-bubble water (NBW3) seems to be suitable as an adjunct to periodontal treatment owing to its potent antimicrobial effects, high level of safety, and long storage stability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of NBW3 irrigation as an adjunct to subgingival debridement for periodontal treatment. METHODS: Twenty-two subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups: full-mouth mechanical debridement with tap water (WATER) or full-mouth mechanical debridement with NBW3 (NBW3). Clinical examination was performed at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. Microbiological examination was carried out just before and after treatment and at 1 and 8 weeks posttreatment. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in all clinical parameters after 4 weeks in both groups. The reduction in the probing pocket depth and the clinical attachment gain after 4 and 8 weeks in the NBW3 group were significantly greater than those in the WATER group. Moreover, only the NBW3 group showed statistically significant reductions in the mean total number of bacteria in subgingival plaque over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that subgingival irrigation with NBW3 may be a valuable adjunct to periodontal treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study verified the potential of new antimicrobial agent, MNW3, as an adjunct to periodontal treatment.
Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents, Local/therapeutic use , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Microbubbles , Nanospheres , Ozone/therapeutic use , Periodontal Debridement/methods , Therapeutic Irrigation/methods , Adult , Aged , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/administration & dosage , Bacterial Load/drug effects , Bacteroides/drug effects , Bacteroides/isolation & purification , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Dental Plaque/therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ozone/administration & dosage , Periodontal Attachment Loss/microbiology , Periodontal Attachment Loss/therapy , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/microbiology , Periodontal Pocket/therapy , Placebos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/drug effects , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolation & purification , Single-Blind Method , Subgingival Curettage/methodsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Aims/Introduction: Chronic inflammation aggravates glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. An increase or decrease in the release and activities of various inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP), are presumed to be responsible for inducing insulin resistance. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment incorporating topical antibiotics on glycemic control and serum inflammatory mediators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periodontal inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction were evaluated by bleeding on probing (BOP) and the probing pocket depth (PPD), respectively. A total of 41 patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis received periodontal treatment with the topical application of antibiotics four times within a 2-month period. A periodontal examination, including PPD and BOP, and venous blood sampling were carried out at baseline and at 2 and 6 months after periodontal treatment. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum levels of high-sensitivity (hs)-CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed. RESULTS: A generalized linear model showed significant associations between the change in the HbA1c values at 6 months after periodontal treatment, and the change in the BOP, baseline TNF-α levels and the baseline mean PPD. CONCLUSIONS: As BOP is a marker of total gingival inflammation, these results suggest that non-surgical periodontal therapy with topical antibiotics in patients with mild periodontitis might improve glycemic control by resolving periodontal inflammation. Such treatments might be insufficient for the amelioration of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients with severe periodontitis. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (no. UMIN000006693). (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2012.00209.x, 2012).