ABSTRACT
It has been hypothesized that dietary creatine could influence cognitive performance by increasing brain creatine in developing individuals. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, proof-of-principle study aimed to investigate the effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function and brain creatine content in healthy youth. The sample comprised 67 healthy participants aged 10 to 12 years. The participants were given creatine or placebo supplementation for 7 days. At baseline and after the intervention, participants undertook a battery of cognitive tests. In a random subsample of participants, brain creatine content was also assessed in the regions of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left hippocampus, and occipital lobe by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) technique. The scores obtained from verbal learning and executive functions tests did not significantly differ between groups at baseline or after the intervention (all p > 0.05). Creatine content was not significantly different between groups in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left hippocampus, and occipital lobe (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, a 7-day creatine supplementation protocol did not elicit improvements in brain creatine content or cognitive performance in healthy youth, suggesting that this population mainly relies on brain creatine synthesis rather than exogenous creatine intake to maintain brain creatine homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Brain/metabolism , Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Cognition , Creatine/administration & dosage , Dietary Supplements , Models, Neurological , Neurons/metabolism , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brazil , Child , Creatine/metabolism , Double-Blind Method , Executive Function , Female , Functional Neuroimaging , Hippocampus/diagnostic imaging , Hippocampus/metabolism , Humans , Male , Occipital Lobe/diagnostic imaging , Occipital Lobe/metabolism , Performance-Enhancing Substances/administration & dosage , Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Proton Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
Ao longo das últimas décadas, o papel do exercício em doenças reumatológicas tem sido bastante explorado. Sabe-se, atualmente, que a prática de atividade física promove inúmeros benefícios ao paciente com osteoporose, osteoartrite, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, esclerose sistêmica, miopatias idiopáticas inflamatórias, fibromialgia e artrite reumatoide. Dessa forma, o exercício físico tem sido considerado ferramenta valiosa no tratamento do paciente reumático. Os efeitos terapêuticos do treinamento físico em doenças reumatológicas pediátricas também têm sido alvos recentes de investigação. Em conjunto, os estudos têm revelado grande potencial terapêutico do exercício para pacientes com artrite idiopática juvenil, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico juvenil, dermatomiosite juvenil, fibromialgia juvenil e outras causas de dor crônica. Esta revisão narrativa tem como objetivos familiarizar o reumatologista pediátrico ao campo da ciência do exercício, discutir os potenciais benefícios do exercício físico na reumatologia pediátrica, com ênfase nas perspectivas desse promissor campo de atuação clínica e científica, e apresentar modelos práticos de exame de pré-participação e contraindicações ao exercício físico.
Over the past decades, the role of exercise training in rheumatic diseases has been largely explored. Currently, physical activity is well known to benefit patients with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, exercise training has been considered a valuable tool for treating rheumatic patients. The therapeutic effects of exercise training have also been investigated in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Collectively, studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of exercise in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, juvenile fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain. The aim of this review is to familiarize the pediatric rheumatologist with the exercise science field; discuss the potential benefits of exercise training in pediatric rheumatic diseases, emphasize both research and clinical perspectives of this promising field; and propose practical models of pre-participation examinations and contraindications to exercise.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Exercise Therapy , Rheumatic Diseases/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
Over the past decades, the role of exercise training in rheumatic diseases has been largely explored. Currently, physical activity is well known to benefit patients with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy, fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, exercise training has been considered a valuable tool for treating rheumatic patients. The therapeutic effects of exercise training have also been investigated in pediatric rheumatic diseases. Collectively, studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of exercise in juvenile idiopathic arthritis, juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, juvenile fibromyalgia and other causes of chronic pain. The aim of this review is to familiarize the pediatric rheumatologist with the exercise science field; discuss the potential benefits of exercise training in pediatric rheumatic diseases, emphasize both research and clinical perspectives of this promising field; and propose practical models of pre-participation examinations and contraindications to exercise.
Subject(s)
Exercise Therapy , Rheumatic Diseases/therapy , Child , Humans , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Terminology as TopicABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar quanti e qualitativamente o consumo alimentar de mulheres fisicamente ativas, com a finalidadede investigar o seu padrão alimentar e tecer recomendações de consumo alimentar com base na Pirâmide Alimentar Brasileira. Para tanto, foram selecionadas em 3 academias de médio e grande porte, 83 fichas de anamnese alimentar e registro de 24 horas, para a análise das variáveis antropométricas:peso, estatura, índice de massa corporal, além do gasto e do consumo energético total, assim como o consumo alimentar qualitativo em 8 diferentes grupos alimentares segundo a Pirâmide Alimentar Brasileira. Constatou-se baixo consumo energético total, frente ao gasto em atividades físicas diárias,acompanhado de baixíssima ingestão dos grupos dos pães e cereais, hortaliças, frutas e lácteos; e baixo consumo dos grupos das leguminosas e açúcares. Globalmente, nossos resultados apontaram uma alimentação abaixo das recomendações, nos âmbitos quanti e qualitativo dessas mulheres fisicamente ativas. Dessa forma, em futuros desdobramentos, um instrumento de obtenção mais fidedigno e representativo do consumo habitual deve ser empregado,para confirmar as hipóteses levantadas neste estudo exploratório. Como recomendação nutricional para esse grupo, seria desejável aumentar o consumo energético proveniente do grupo dos pães e cereais, leite e das FLV (frutas, legumes e verduras), cujo padrão é condizente, segundo diversas diretrizes nacionais e internacionais, com a adequação nutricional para a qualidade de vida e manutenção de um padrão de vida ativo fisicamente.
This study aimed to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively the nourishing consumption of physically active women in order to investigatetheir nourishing style and to weave recommendations of nourishing consumption base on the Brazilian Nourishing Pyramid. For that, we selected, in 3 reputed fitness centers 83 cards of nourishing anamnesis and registry of 24 hours for analysis of the anthropometric variables: weight, height, index of corporal mass, besides the cost and total power consumption, as well as the qualitative nourishing consumption in 8 different nourishing groups according to the Brazilian Nourishing Pyramid. We observed total power consumption inferior to the cost in daily physical activities, accompanied by lowest ingestion by the groups of breads and milky cereals, vegetables, fruits and milk by products; and low consumption of the groups of leguminous and sugars. In globalterms, our results have indicated feeding underthe recommendations both in quantitative and qualitative terms of those physically active women; thus, in future deployments, a more reliable and representative instrumentfor habitual consumption must be used in order to confirm the assumptions formulated in this exploratory study. As nutritional recommendation for that group, it would be desirable to increase power coming from the consumption of thegroup of breads and cereals, milk, and FLV (fruits, leguminous and vegetables), whose register is agreed, according to diverse national and international directives, with nutritional adjustment for quality of life and maintenance of a physically active life style.
Este estudio ha tenido como objetivo evaluar cuanti y cualitativamente el consumo alimentario de mujeres físicamente activas con la finalidadde investigar su padrón alimentario y tejer recomendaciones de consumo alimentario con base en la Pirámide Alimentaria Brasileña. Para eso, han sido seleccionadas, en 3 academias de medio y grande porte, 83 fichas de anamnesis alimentaria y registro de 24 horas para análisis de las variables antropométricas: peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, además del gasto y del consumo energético total, así como el consumo alimentario cualitativo en 8 diferentes grupos alimentarios según la Pirámide Alimentaria Brasileña. Constatóse bajo consumo energético total delante del gasto en actividades físicas diarias, acompañado de bajísima ingestión de los grupos de los panes y cereales, hortalizas, frutas y lácteos; y bajo consumo de los grupos de las leguminosas y azúcares. En términos globales, nuestros resultados han indicado alimentación debajo de las recomendaciones en los ámbitos cuanti y cualitativo de esas mujeres físicamente activas; de esa manera, en futuros desdoblamientos, debe ser empleado un instrumento de obtención más confiable y representativadel consumo habitual a fin de confirmar los supuestos formulados en este estudio exploratorio. Como recomendación nutricional para ese grupo, sería deseable aumentar el consumo energético proveniente del grupo de los panes y cereales, leche, y de las FLV (frutas, legumbres y verduras), cuyo padrón es acorde, según diversas directrices nacionales e internacionales, con adecuación nutricional para calidad de vida y mantenimiento de un padrón de vidafísicamente activo.
