ABSTRACT
I investigated effects of spleen cells on hepatic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and expression of adhesion molecules in a murine bone marrow transplant model, since these cells contain abundant T cells and induce severe GVHD. Furthermore, I investigated effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on liver damage and expression of adhesion molecules in a murine bone marrow transplant model. By injection of spleen cells, the dotty, partially focal T cell infiltration with necrosis of hepatocytes was found in the liver parenchyma. Expression of leukocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and cluster of differentiation-44 (CD44) was observed mainly on T cells and macrophages and expression of intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1) was observed on sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC). T cells were in contact with SEC or hepatocytes and shedding of hepatocyte was found by electron microscopy. On the other hand, by injection of recombinant mouse TNF alpha the numbers of enlarged macrophages were increased in the liver parenchyma but the necrosis of hepatocytes was not apparent. Expression of LFA-1 and CD44 was mainly observed on macrophages and expression of ICAM-1 was found on SEC. Activated macrophages were observed in contact with SEC or hepatocytes by electron microscopy. No expression of ICAM-1 on interlobular bile duct epithelia was observed in any groups. This study suggests that the expression of adhesion molecules play an important role in developing hepatic GVHD. TNF alpha appeared to be one of the factors which deteriorate hepatic GVHD through an activation of macrophages and expression of adhesion molecules.
Subject(s)
Graft vs Host Disease/immunology , Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Liver Diseases/immunology , Animals , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Disease Models, Animal , Macrophage Activation , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C3H , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Whether the origin of the progenitor of mast cells occurs in the basophil/mast cell system or the myeloid cell system of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages remains controversial. Lactoferrin or lysozyme is known to be present in the myeloid cell system. By electron microscopy, antibodies against lactoferrin and lysozyme were observed to stain the granules of normal bone marrow mast cells. This supports the proposal that the precursor cell of bone marrow mast cells is nearer to the myeloid cell system than the basophil/mast cell system.
Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Cells , Mast Cells/ultrastructure , Adult , Aged , Bone Marrow/metabolism , Cell Line , Humans , Lactoferrin/metabolism , Mast Cells/metabolism , Mast Cells/physiology , Microscopy, Electron , Middle Aged , Muramidase/metabolism , Reference Values , Staining and LabelingSubject(s)
Hemoglobin A/analysis , Occult Blood , Radioimmunoassay/methods , Colonic Neoplasms/diagnosis , HumansABSTRACT
For the purpose of detecting immunoglobulins at the electron microscopic level, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique was applied to ultrathin sections of the bone marrow obtained from patients with multiple myeloma. In this study, a low temperature embedding medium (Lowicryl K4M) was applied to avoid the loss of antigenicity. This electron microscopic ABC (EM-ABC) technique allowed the detection of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in myeloma cells and provided fairly satisfactory ultrastructural preservation. However, nonspecific reaction product was seen in eosinophil granules possibly due to the close affinity of biotinylated antibodies for eosinophil granules. The EM-ABC staining is of definite value for detecting various antigens as well as immunoglobulins in biological specimens.
