ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: A variety of imaging and clinical guidelines have been developed to assist radiologists and referring physicians in the workup of incidental adrenal masses. The objective of this article is to provide a concise review of incidental adrenal mass imaging and present the key differences between the available guidelines. CONCLUSION: An alternative algorithm for the imaging and clinical workup of adrenal incidentalomas is presented in an attempt to bridge sometimes conflicting recommendations.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/metabolism , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology , Algorithms , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Hypogonadism in males is associated with increased atherosclerotic disease. Physiologically, testosterone appears to have both positive and negative effects on the cardiovascular system. Testosterone decreases angina and may improve the cardiac healing response after myocardial infarction. Testosterone enhances function in males with heart failure (HF). Testosterone causes water retention and oedema is common in older persons. Oedema should not be used to diagnose HF in older persons. Studies in older persons with HF and frailty have shown a non-statistically lower mortality rate compared to those receiving placebo.
