ABSTRACT
Field studies evaluated 1-octen-3-ol (octenol), carbon dioxide (dry ice), and a combination of both attractants in comparison with unbaited traps for collecting greenhead flies on a Massachusetts salt marsh. The carbon dioxide (CO2)-baited trap collections, and the CO2 with octenol-baited trap collections were more than 300% greater than the unbaited collections. The octenol-baited traps collected 83% more greenhead flies than unbaited traps. Afternoon trap collections were 2.5 times greater than morning collections. Dissections and measurements of a sample of the flies collected indicated that the "cryptic species" composition of greenhead flies was 77% Tabanus nigrovittatus and 23% Tabanus conterminus. Ovarian tracheole examinations of a sample of the flies showed that 99% of the greenhead flies had laid eggs before being trapped. The use of CO2 as an attractant in the traps could be cost effective in small problem areas, and the use of octenol in the box traps should be evaluated in large areas.
Subject(s)
Diptera , Insect Control/methods , Animals , Carbon Dioxide , Female , Massachusetts , OctanolsABSTRACT
A method of identifying mosquito larval habitats associated with fresh-water plant communities, wetlands, and other aquatic locations at Lewis and Clark Lake in the states of Nebraska and South Dakota, USA, using remote sensing imagery obtained by multispectral scanners aboard earth-orbiting satellites (Landsat 1 and 2) is described. The advantages and limitations of this method are discussed.
Subject(s)
Culicidae , Mosquito Control/methods , Space Flight , Animals , Larva , Nebraska , South Dakota , TelecommunicationsSubject(s)
Culicidae , Diptera , Perissodactyla/parasitology , Animals , Arizona , Darkness , Female , Horses/parasitology , Insect Bites and Stings , Light , Male , New Mexico , Seasons , TexasABSTRACT
A virus surveillance project was established and maintained during 1972 along 10 major river drainages in six states. Mosquitoes, biting flies, and blood specimens from sentinel equines were collected during 83 field trip visits to 141 arthropod collecting sites and 22 sentinel locations from April into December 1972. There were 173,074 mosquitoes tested and 303 arboviruses isolated from 11 of 41 species. From 13,388 biting flies tested, 8 arbovirus isolations were obtained in 1 of 5 species. There was no isolation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus. Western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus isolates were the most numerous and were followed by Turlock, St. Louis encephalitis, Hart Park, California encephalitis, and Bunyamwera (BUN) group viruses. The first isolation of WEE from the mosquito Cullex (Mel). erraticus is reported, as is the extension of the ranges for Buttonwillow virus from California to New Mexico and Texas. Also a single isolation of the BUN group from Culicoides variipennis extends the range of this virus-vector relationship from California to Texas. New distribution records for mosquito species previously unreported for Arizona, Louisana, New Mexico, and Oklahoma are reported. The sentinel burros detected WEE serologic conversions at two sites in New Mexico and at one in Texas. The surveillance project provided state and federal officials with current information on the status of arbovirus activity, including the absence of VEE activity during 1972, and it demonstrated the existence of the potential for WEE epizootics and epidemics throughout a wide geographic area of the Western United States.
