ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify whether the well-described pattern of declining adaptive functioning across age among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also exists among intellectually gifted children with ASD because their cognitive abilities might serve as a protective factor. METHODS: Data from the Simons Simplex Collection were used to identify 51 participants with full-scale intelligence (IQ) scores of 130 or above with this group labeled as the intellectually gifted range (IGR). Two comparison samples of children with IQs in the intellectual disability range (IDR; < 70 Standard Score [SS]) and average range (AR; 85-115 SS) were created based on matching of age (±2 years), maternal education level, and sex. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis of variance indicated a main overall effect for the IQ group on a measure of adaptive skills (Λ = 0.61, F(6, 296), p < 0.001). Post hoc comparisons revealed that the IDR group scored lower on all subscales than the AR and IGR groups, but the scores between the latter groups did not differ from one another in socialization and daily living skills (DLS) domains. Age was negatively correlated with adaptive communication scores in all groups but only associated with socialization and DLS domain scores in the IGR group (r = -0.51 and -0.48, respectively). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that intellectual giftedness does not serve as a protective factor against age-related declines in adaptive functioning among individuals with ASD.
Subject(s)
Autism Spectrum Disorder , Child, Gifted , Adaptation, Psychological , Child , Cognition , Humans , IntelligenceABSTRACT
Pediatric gastrointestinal disorders are commonly experienced by youth and have been shown to be associated with increased rates of psychosocial difficulties. Aim of the current study was to extend development of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), a brief parent-completed measure designed to assess children's behavioral and emotional functioning, by examining its factor structure in a pediatric gastroenterology sample. Parents of 176 children ages 4-16 years visiting a pediatric gastroenterologist completed the PSC. The factor structure of the PSC was examined using principal component analysis. Parallel analysis was utilized to determine the number of factors to retain and indicated that three factors existed within the data. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified factors measuring internalizing, externalizing, and attention difficulties. The three factors that emerged on the PSC provide initial support for the utility of the PSC in pediatric gastroenterology clinics.
Subject(s)
Checklist/methods , Digestive System Diseases/complications , Digestive System Diseases/psychology , Gastroenterology/methods , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Pediatrics/methods , Adolescent , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Affective Symptoms/complications , Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology , Child , Child Behavior/psychology , Child, Preschool , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Internal-External Control , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Mental Disorders/psychology , Parents , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To examine the differential effects of two scoring procedures for a parent-completed measure, the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), designed to assess children's behavioral and emotional functioning, on parent-pediatrician communication concerning psychosocial issues. METHODS: Prior to their medical appointment, 174 parents of children aged 4-16 were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: (1) typical medical care control, (2) Staff-Scored PSC administration, or (3) Parent-Scored PSC administration. Following the appointment, parent perception of parent-pediatrician communication was assessed. RESULTS: For children with more emotional and behavioral problems, participants in the Parent-Scored group and the Staff-Scored group had better parent-pediatrician communication scores than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Staff-Scored and Parent-Scored administrations of the PSC improved parent-pediatrician communication on psychosocial issues. The Parent-Scored PSC removed the scoring burden on the medical personnel.
Subject(s)
Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Child Behavior Disorders/diagnosis , Communication , Parents/psychology , Pediatrics , Professional-Family Relations , Adolescent , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Affective Symptoms/therapy , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Child Behavior Disorders/therapy , Child, Preschool , Consumer Behavior , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening , Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care , Psychometrics , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To review selected measures of stress and coping in pediatric populations. Stress and coping are presented within a risk and resiliency framework. METHODS: The Society of Pediatric Psychology (SPP) surveyed the membership to identify the most frequently used assessment instruments. Twelve measures of coping and three measures of stress were reviewed. These instruments were evaluated using the Stress and Coping workgroup's modification of the criteria developed by the SPP Assessment Task Force (SPP-ATF). RESULTS: One of the three measures of stress and five of the 12 measures of coping were Well-established measures that broaden understanding. Additionally, one of the coping measures was categorized as a Well-established measure that guides treatment. Merits of the individual measures are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for future research are provided, including suggestions for the construction and use of measures to inform treatment research.
