ABSTRACT
The plant cell wall is an important factor for determining cell shape, function and response to the environment. Secondary cell walls, such as those found in xylem, are composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and account for the bulk of plant biomass. The coordination between transcriptional regulation of synthesis for each polymer is complex and vital to cell function. A regulatory hierarchy of developmental switches has been proposed, although the full complement of regulators remains unknown. Here we present a protein-DNA network between Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factors and secondary cell wall metabolic genes with gene expression regulated by a series of feed-forward loops. This model allowed us to develop and validate new hypotheses about secondary wall gene regulation under abiotic stress. Distinct stresses are able to perturb targeted genes to potentially promote functional adaptation. These interactions will serve as a foundation for understanding the regulation of a complex, integral plant component.
Subject(s)
Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Cell Wall/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/genetics , Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Arabidopsis/growth & development , Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics , Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism , DNA, Plant/genetics , DNA, Plant/metabolism , E2F Transcription Factors/metabolism , Feedback , Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics , Iron Deficiencies , Organ Specificity , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Reproducibility of Results , Salinity , Time Factors , Xylem/genetics , Xylem/growth & development , Xylem/metabolismSubject(s)
Dentistry , Schools, Dental , Education, Dental/economics , Schools, Dental/economics , United States , WorkforceSubject(s)
Dental Caries/epidemiology , Tooth Root/pathology , Adult , Age Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies , DMF Index , Dental Caries/etiology , Dental Caries/pathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
An antibiotic mouth rinse (CC10232) was used twice a day for one week in human subjects in a supervised double blind clinical and histological study. Nylon strips were placed supra and subgingivally for one week and then sectioned, stained and examined. Results showed that the rinse containing CC-10232 reduced the amount of plaque and reduced the amount of mineralization in 4 of 5 subjects.Also, no spirochetes were found in subjects who utilized this rinse.
