[Identification characters of leaf morphological and venation pattern of Baphicacanthus cusia with its confused herb Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum].

OBJECTIVE: To study the identification characters of Baphicacanthus cusia and its confused herb Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum and establish an identification method. METHODS: LMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs) and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study. RESULTS: The main differences of the leaf were as follows: Baphicacanthus cusia: leaf base attenuate, dry leaves deep dull blue green, spindle spots, no or small glandular scales somewhere, the limit between midrib and petiole was not clear, below undermost secondary vein some tertiary veins issue from midrib; Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum: leaf base not attenuate; dry leaves yellow green, green, green yellow, yellow brown, no spindle spots, densely covered by glandular scales,the limit between midrib and petiole was clear, below undermost secondary vein none tertiary veins issue from midrib. With the mentioned six groups of key differences, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was from 98.5% to 99.2%, the repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 97.7% and Kappa value was 0.95. CONCLUSION: The established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.

[Identification characters of leaf morphological and venation pattern of Houttuynia cordata with its confused herb Gymnotheca chinensis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the identification characters of Houttuynia cordata and its confused herb Gymnotheca chinensis and establish an identification method. METHODS: LMVP (leaf morphological-venation pattern for identification Chinese herbs), and QAERM (quantitatively analyze and evaluate reliability for the method of identification Chinese herbs) were applied for the study. RESULTS: Both venations were brochidodromous-acrodromous and arising from the mid-petiole or the upper section of petiole. The main characteristic of the leaf of Houttuynia cordata: surface with small gray-white stoma protuberances; Ligulate process of stipule-petiole sheath were clear; Primary veins 7 or 5; The innermost pair of primary vein closed up the top of the sinus at blade base or above sinus, and the section of closed vein was straight; Emitted a smell of fish when fresh leaf was kneaded into pieces. The main feature of the leaf of Gymnotheca chinensis: no small gray-white stoma protuberances; Ligulate process of stipule-petiole sheath were not clear; Primary veins 5; The innermost pair of primary vein closed into the sinus at blade base, and the section of closed vein was slightly curve; No smell of fish. With the mentioned key differences, the both plants could be successfully identified from each other. The accuracy of identification results (AC) was 100%, the repeatability of identification results: agreement rate for observation (ARO) was 100% and Kappa value was 1.00. CONCLUSION: The established method is simple, rapid, economic and reliable.