ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation profile and related clinicopathological features in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). METHODS: Optimized oligonucleotide probe method was applied to detect EGFR mutations involving exons 18 - 21 using formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue specimens of 309 NSCLC patients. The relationship between EGFR mutations and clinicopathological features were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall EGFR mutation rate was 34% (105/309) in this study cohort. Mutation rates in male and female were 30.4% (56/184) and 39.2% (49/125), respectively. The mutation rate was higher in patients less than 60 years of age, non-smokers and adenocarcinoma subtype than in their counterparts (P<0.05), with the percentage of 40.5% (87/215), 40.2% (51/127), 38.8% (78/201), respectively. The EGFR mutation types included exon 18 G719X mutation (5.7%, 6/105), exon 19 deletion (39.0%, 41/105) and exon 21 L858R mutation (55.2%, 58/105). In large cell undifferentiated carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, EGFR mutation rates were 22.2% (58/105) and 3/14, respectively. The overall mutation rate of exon 18 was low, but the proportion of its mutation was higher in squamous and adenosquamous carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas. CONCLUSIONS: There is a higher EGFR mutation rate in female, age of less than 60 years, non-smoker and adenocarcinoma among Chinese patients with NSCLC. Optimized oligonucleotide probe method is a sensitive and convenient method for the detection of EGFR mutations.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics , ErbB Receptors/genetics , Genes, erbB-1/genetics , Lung Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/genetics , Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Exons , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation Rate , Sex Factors , SmokingABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The prognosis varies greatly in colorectal carcinoma patients, even in the same stage. We examined the association between the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, p27 kip1, and clinicopathologic features in patients with colorectal carcinoma to identify a possible panel of tumor markers in predicting prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: The expressions of three individual markers in 127 colorectal carcinoma cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry method. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to analyze the expression with the disease-free survival time in colorectal carcinoma. RESULTS: High expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and low expression of p27 kip1 were related to poor prognosis in univariate analysis (P = 0.0002; P < 0.0001; P = 0.0008). The expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, p27 kip1, and tumor differentiation were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival by Cox regression analysis. The coexpression panel of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and p27 kip had significant prognostic value in all patients (P AB = 0.0103; P(BC) = 0.0068; P CD = 0.0117). Multivariate analysis with Cox regression reveals that coexpression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and p27 kip1 were independent prognostic factors as tumor differentiation in colorectal carcinoma. In different stages, coexpression tumor markers functioned in Stages II and III but not in the 19 cases of Stage I. The reason might be the number of patients was too small. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provided further evidence that the combination of tumor markers of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and p27 kip1 was more informative than any single tumor marker alone for the disease-free survival stratification of colorectal carcinoma. Coexpression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, carcinoembryonic antigen, and p27 kip1 might be a useful survival stratification panel for clinical management.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/nursing , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/metabolism , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Prognosis , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To study the morphologic classification of mammary ductal hyperplasia, and its criteria and the significance in distinguishing atypical hyperplasia from carcinoma-in-situ. METHODS: The clinicopathologic features of 300 cases of hyperplasia of breast were reviewed. Whole-organ H&E sections were also available in 86 cases of breast carcinoma. The occurrence of atypical hyperplasia in adjacent breast tissue was assessed. RESULTS: Fibroadenomatoid changes were typically observed in the 21-30 age groups and atypical hyperplasia occurred more frequently in 40-60 age groups. Amongst the hyperplastic cases, cystic diseases of the breast were noted in only 6%. In contrast, fibroadenomatoid changes were more common (25.4%). Atypical ductal hyperplasia occurred in adjacent breast tissue of 65.1% of the carcinoma cases. The incidence was higher (74.9%) if the main lesion was ductal carcinoma-in-situ. CONCLUSIONS: There is a close association between atypical hyperplasia and breast carcinoma. It is prudent to distinguish between usual and atypical hyperplasia. Morphologic differentiation between atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma-in-situ may sometimes be difficult.
