[Aerobic exercise improves renal fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Objective: To study the effects of aerobic exercise training on renal fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and to explore the protective effect of exercise on renal damage in hypertensive rats. Methods: Eight-week-old male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats of the same age (WKY) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6): sedentary WKY control group (WKY-S), sedentary SHR control group (SHR-S), low-intensity exercise group (SHR-L) and medium-intensity exercise group (SHR-M). SHR-L group and SHR-M group were set at a slope of 0° at 14 m/min (35% of the maximum aerobic speed) and 20 m/min (50% of the maximum aerobic speed), running on a sports treadmill for 14 weeks, 5 times a week, and 60 min each time. WKY-S and SHR-S groups were kept quietly. Blood pressure was measured 72 hours after exercise training. And the serum levels of creatinine (Scr) and BUN were detected. The morphology of renal tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The collagen deposition of renal tissue was observed by Masson staining, and the renal collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated. Results: Compared with WKY-S group, blood pressure, serum Scr and BUN, kidney CVF levels and AngⅡ, AT1R, TGF-ß, α-SMA, CTGF expressions in SHR-S group were increased significantly (P＜0.05). Compared with SHR-S group, blood pressure, serum Scr and BUN, kidney CVF level and AngⅡ, AT1R, TGF-ß, α-SMA, CTGF expressions in SHR-L and SHR-M groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05) and the decreasing trend was more obvious in SHR-M group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise can improve renal fibrosis and renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting the AngⅡ-AT1R-TGF-ß pathway.

[Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET)to evaluate the efficacy after intensive control of personalized precise exercise training for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular chronic diseases].

Objective: To study the symptom-restricted extreme cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate the improvement of the overall function of patients with long-term chronic diseases after intensive control of personalized precise exercise training for 3 months. Methods: We selected 20 patients with chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular metabolic diseases who were intensively controlled by our team from 2014 to 2016. After signing the informed consent form, based on the results of CPET and continuous functional tests, we formulated the overall management plan with individualized moderate exercise intensity as the core. After 3 months, CPET was performed. The changes of CPET indicators before and after intensive control in each patient were analyzed individually. Then the difference value and percentage difference value were calculated. Results: In this study, 20 patients (18 males and 2 females) with chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular metabolic diseases, aged (55.75±10.80, 26~73) years, height (172.20±8.63, 153~190) cm, weight (76.35±15.63, 53~105) kg, all patients were not any dangerous events during the period of CPET and intensive control.①After intensive control, the static pulmonary function index, resting systolic blood pressure, rate blood pressure product and fasting blood glucose were significantly improved (P<0.05).②Before intensive control, the peak oxygen uptake is (55.60±15.69, 34.37~77.45) % pred and anaerobic threshold is (60.11±12.26, 43.29~80.63)% pred; after intensive control, the peak oxygen uptake is (71.85±21.04, 42.40~102.00) % pred and anaerobic threshold (74.95±17.03, 51.90~99.47) %pred. Compared with before the intensive control, the peak oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of all patients after intensive control were significantly increased by (29.09±7.38,17.78~41.80) % and(25.16±18.38, 1.77~81.86)%(all P<0.01). Other core indexes were also improved significantly, including peak oxygen uptake,peak heart rate, peak work rate, oxygen uptake efficiency plateau, lowest value of carbon dioxide ventilatory efficiency, slope of ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide, ramp exercise duration(all P<0.01).③In terms of individualized analysis, after intensive control, the above 8 CPET core indexes were all improved in 15 cases, and 7 indexes in 5 cases were improved; the peak oxygen uptakeof all cases increased by more than 15%, 16 cases > 20%, 13 cases > 25%, 10 cases > 30%. Conclusion: CPET can safely, objectively and quantitatively evaluate the overall functional status and therapeutic effects, and guide the formulation of individualized precise exercise intensity. The overall plan of individualized precision exercise for three months can safely and effectively reverse the overall functional status of patients with long-term cardio-cerebrovascular metabolism diseases.