[Comparison of diagnostic value between renal cyst index and Bosniak classification in cystic renal masses].

A total of 106 patients who were diagnosed with Bosniak catergory ⅡF or Ⅲ cystic renal masses (CRM) and underwent surgery in Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital and Xuhui District Central Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of renal cyst index (RCI) and Bosniak classification system was compared by analyzing the relevant parameters including the sensitivity and specificity. There were 62 males and 44 females, with a median age of 56 years old. Among the 106 CRM, 72 were benign and 34 were malignant. The sensitivity and specificity of RCI was 94.12% and 81.94%, respectively, while the sensitivity and specificity of Bosniak classification system was 73.53% and 80.56%, respectively. Chi-square test revealed that the sensitivity of RCI was significantly higher than that of Bosniak classification system (P=0.023). The current study indicates that RCI is a simple and feasible method which can provide quantitative evaluation for predicting characteristics of CRM.

[Review of factors affecting health-related behaviors].

Health related behaviors are closely related to health outcomes. This paper reviews the studies on factors for health related behaviors worldwide published in recent 15 years, and systematically summarizes the current research status of the factors for health related behaviors. The factors influencing health related behaviors are individual social demographic factors, social cognitive factors of individuals, and social environmental factors. The individual social demographic factors mainly include gender, age, marital status, economic level and educational level. The social cognitive factors of individuals mainly include self-efficacy, health belief, social support and peer influence. The social environmental factors mainly include mass media, accessibility of facilities and level of urbanization, etc.

U.S. medical students' perceptions of the adequacy of their schools' curricular attention to care at the end of life: 1998-2006.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of recent efforts to improve end-of-life care education at U.S. medical schools. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: Longitudinal, observational study using national data from the Graduation Questionnaire of the Association of American Medical Colleges from 1998-2006, comparing national trends with those at New York Medical College (NYMC), where a required 1-day clinical rotation to a palliative care hospital began in 1998. RESULTS: The fraction of graduating U.S. students reporting that their instruction time on death and dying was at least adequate rose from 70.8% in 1998 to 79.5% in 2006 (p < 0.001); instruction time in pain management rated as at least adequate rose from 34.3% in 1998 to 55.3% in 2005 (p < 0.001); training in palliative care rated as at least adequate rose from 59.9% in 2000 to 74.8% in 2006 (p < 0.001). Improvement began earlier at NYMC compared with national trends, but by 2004 NYMC was no longer significantly different. In multivariate analyses, women, Asians, and older students gave lower ratings of the quality of their end-of-life care education. CONCLUSION: While much remains to be done, there have been significant improvements since 1998 in graduating U.S. medical students' ratings of the adequacy of their instruction time in end-of-life care.