Effectiveness and Safety of Acupuncture for Migraine: An Overview of Systematic Reviews.

Background: Migraine is a common neurological disease, which burdens individuals and society all over the world. Acupuncture, an important method in Traditional Chinese Medicine, is widely used in clinical practice as a treatment for migraine. Several systematic reviews (SRs) have investigated the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for migraine. Objective: To summarize and critically assess the quality of relevant SRs and present an objective and comprehensive evidence on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for migraine. Data Sources. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medicine (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal (SCTJ), and WanFang database (WF) were searched from inception to December 2019 and grey literatures were manually searched. Selection Criteria. SRs which meet the criteria were independently selected by 2 reviewers according to a predetermined protocol. Data Extraction. Characteristics of included SRs were independently extracted by 2 reviewers following a predefined data extraction form. Review Appraisal. The methodological quality, risk of bias, and reporting quality of included SRs were assessed, respectively, by a Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2, the Risk of Bias in Systematic reviews (ROBIS) tool, and the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis-Acupuncture (PRISMA-A) statement. The quality of outcomes was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Results: A total of 15 SRs were included. All the SRs were published between 2011-2019. Based on AMSTAR 2, 14 out of 15 SRs were rated critically low quality and 1 was rated low quality. According to ROBIS tool, 9 SRs (60%) were low risk of bias. With the PRISMA-A checklist, we found 11 out of 15 SRs were found adequately reported over 70%. With the GRADE tool, we found high quality of evidence indicated that the effective rate of acupuncture was superior to western medicine in treatment of migraine. Besides, acupuncture reduced more headache days and the times of using painkiller and was more effective in reducing the frequency and degree of headache than western medicine and sham acupuncture. Limitations. There might be some missing information. The accuracy of the conclusions may be decreased reduced since we were unable to synthesis all the evidence. Conclusions: Based on high quality of evidence, we concluded that acupuncture may be an effective and safe therapy for migraine. However, the quality of SRs in acupuncture for migraine still needs more improvement.

Preparation of isoquinazolines via metal-free [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with nitriles.

TfOH-mediated [4 + 2] cycloaddition of ynamides with nitriles to construct 1,2-dihydroquinazolines is realized by a direct reaction in moderate to excellent yields (up to 93%) in a stereospecific manner. A rapid and efficient strategy has been employed for the syntheses of alkyl-substituted 1,2-dihydroquinazoline derivatives, and it exhibits good functional group tolerance, has a short reaction time, shows excellent diastereoselectivity, and is a simple and high-yielding reaction.

The effectiveness and safety of electromyography biofeedback therapy for motor dysfunction of children with cerebral palsy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback therapy in improving motor dysfunction among children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The following databases will be searched: PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Technology Periodical Database (VIP), WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine (CBM) from inception to June 2019. All relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) utilizing EMG biofeedback therapy for CP will be included. The main outcome is the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Additional outcomes such as the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Integral Electromyogram (iEMG), Composite Spasticity Scale (CSS), passive range of motion (PROM) or other related outcomes will be included, adverse effects of EMG biofeedback therapy and comparators will also be included. Two reviewers will screen studies, extract data and assess quality independently. Review Manager 5.3 will be used to assess the risk of bias, data synthesis, and subgroup analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This systematic review does not require formal ethical approval because all data will be analyzed anonymously. Results will provide a general overview and evidence concerning the effectiveness and safety of EMG biofeedback therapy for children with CP. The findings of this systematic review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications or conference presentations.

[Background irradiated photocatalysis of TiO2 thin films].

In terms of the UV irradiating directions, photocatalysis with TiO2 thin films can be divided into two types, the background irradiated photocatalysis and the foreground irradiated one. Comparatively, background irradiated photocatalysis has an advantage of avoiding the UV light attenuation which foreground irradiated one suffers when the light is going through the solution. In this article, the influence of the thickness of the films, the wavelength of light source and non-uninformly doping with V on the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst in case of background irradiated photocatalysis is investigated, and simultaneously it is compared with foreground irradiated one. The results show that in case of background irradiated photocatalysis there is an optimal thickness of the film according to the wavelength of the light source that is limited in the range of 300 nm to 388 nm, which is quite different from foreground irradiated one. But in both cases, the catalyst's photocatalytic activities are improved by non-uniformly doped with V.