ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Sleep disturbance is common in autoimmune rheumatism diseases (ARD) and it plays an important role in activating disease and affects the quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of the novel electrical therapy on sleep disturbance in ARD patients and its effect on immunologic factors. METHODS: A total of 51 ARD patients (26 treatment group and 25 control group) with sleep disturbance were enrolled in this study. Sleep parameters and immunological indicators (serum level of 12 cytokines and immune function) were collected. The novel electrical therapy was prescribed for 15-30 min 3-6 times a day. The Pittsburg Sleep Index (PSQI) was assessed before and after 3 months' treatment by Mi Energy equipment. Immune function and serum levels of cytokines of all participants at baseline and after treatment were tested with flow cytometry and flow immunofluorescence, respectively. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between sleep disturbance and immunologic factors. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the risk of sleep disturbance in ARD. RESULTS: The global score of PSQI (Baseline: 12.81 ± 4.07, After novel electrical therapy: 4.88 ± 2.76) was effectively improved after 3 months of adjuvant therapy by electrical therapy. We also found that serum levels of IL-8 and IL-1ß statistically significantly decreased after novel electrical therapy. This adjuvant therapy can also significantly decrease the percentage of CD4 + CD8 + T cell, effector memory CD8 + T cell, Memory CD8 + T cell, Th17 cell, and plasma cell and significantly can increase the percentage of naïve CD8 + T cell, Th2 cell, and Tfh2 cell. Nevertheless, all serum level of 12 cytokines and the percentage of immune cells did not correlate with the PSQI global score except the Tc17 cell. Furthermore, age is an independent risk factor influencing PSQI scores (OR = 1.15, p < 0.05) in patients with autoimmune diseases through multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Novel electrical therapy can effectively improve sleep disturbance in patients with ARD. It can also change the serum level of some cytokines (IL-8 and IL-1ß) and percentage of immune cells (CD4 + CD8 + T cell, effector memory CD8 + T cell, Memory CD8 + T cell, Th17 cell, naïve CD8 + T cell, Th2 cell, Tfh2 cell, and plasma cell).
Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases , Rheumatic Diseases , Sleep Wake Disorders , Humans , Female , Male , Rheumatic Diseases/therapy , Rheumatic Diseases/immunology , Rheumatic Diseases/blood , Rheumatic Diseases/complications , Middle Aged , Sleep Wake Disorders/etiology , Sleep Wake Disorders/blood , Sleep Wake Disorders/therapy , Sleep Wake Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Wake Disorders/physiopathology , Autoimmune Diseases/blood , Autoimmune Diseases/therapy , Autoimmune Diseases/diagnosis , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Autoimmune Diseases/immunology , Adult , Treatment Outcome , Time Factors , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Biomarkers/blood , Sleep , Cytokines/blood , Case-Control Studies , Sleep QualityABSTRACT
In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Huangshan Black chicken (HBC). Results showed that the complete HBC mitogenome was 16,785 bp in size, comprising 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, and 1 non-coding control region (D-loop). The overall nucleotide composition was 32.5% for C, 30.3% for A, 23.7% for T, and 13.5% for G. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the HBC mitogenome was clustered with Xianju chicken, which belonged to the haplogroup D2. Our results therefore demonstrate that the origin of HBC corresponds to haplogroup D2 distribution and might have at least one maternal lineage originated from Southeast Asia.
