Nurse Life-and-Death Education From the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Culture.

This quasi-experimental study investigated the impact of traditional Chinese culture-based life-and-death education on 38 ICU nurses. Participants underwent 14 hours of training, and data were collected before and after the intervention using various questionnaires. Frequency and percentage were used for categorical data; mean and standard deviation for measurement data; and paired-sample t test for comparison of teaching effects before and after the intervention of life-and-death education programs. Results indicated significant improvements in understanding of death, reduced death anxiety, enhanced death coping abilities, and increased search for meaning (p < .05). However, there was no statistically significant change in attitude toward death (p > .05). Life-and-death education rooted in traditional Chinese culture positively influenced ICU nurses, fostering improved death cognition, reduced death anxiety, enhanced coping skills, and a heightened sense of meaning in life. Subsequent research will explore the relationship and distinctions between explicit and implicit death attitudes.

Modulating Polarization in Second Harmonic Generation through Symmetry Evolution in Plasmonic Lattices.

We report a strategy for preparing cost-effective plasmonic square lattices with tunable unit structures of circles, crosses, and circle-cross pairs on a centimeter scale. The asymmetrical electromagnetic (EM) field distribution of the lattice enhances second harmonic generation (SHG) under oblique incidence. The SHG signals are progressively strengthened as the unit symmetry decreases from C∞v (circle) to C4v (cross) to C2v (circle-cross pair). The peak SHG signal is observed from the plasmonic lattice with a circle-cross pair, showcasing a conversion efficiency of 1.0 × 10-2, which is a 7.3-fold enhancement relative to the dielectric lattice comprised of circle units. This notably high conversion efficiency of SHG is on par with that of phase-matched bulk nanostructures under normal incidence, benefiting from the Bloch-surface plasmon polariton (Bloch-SPP) modes associated with the distribution of the photonic local density of states (LDOS). Furthermore, the SHG emission exhibits distinctive directional and polarization characteristics as the unit symmetry is reduced. This work offers valuable insights into a structural symmetry-dependent SHG in plasmonic lattices and the way forward for the design of functional nonlinear plasmonic devices.

Direction- and polarization-tunable spontaneous emission beneficial from diffraction orders of a square R6G-nanopore array.

To meet the miniaturization and compatibility of current micro-nano optical devices, two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs), which can manipulate the optical parameters and their propagation with more degree of freedom, have become more important in nano optics. In the case of 2D PCs, the specific symmetry of the microscopic lattice arrangement determines its macroscopic optical properties. In addition, beyond this key element of lattice arrangement, the unit cell of PCs is also a critical factor in modulating the far-field optical behaviors. This work explores the manipulation of spontaneous emission (SE) of rhodamine 6G (R6G) in a square lattice of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane. The directional and polarized emissions are observed to be related to the diffraction orders (DOs) of the lattice arrangement. By further tuning the size of unit cells, different DOs are triggered to overlap with the emission of R6G, resulting in an extended tuning for directions and polarizations of light emission. It exhibits the significance for the design and application of nano optics devices.

Bloch-Surface Plasmon Polariton Enhanced Amplified and Directional Spontaneous Emission from Plasmonic Hexagonal Nanohole Array.

The light-matter interactions at nanoscale can be enhanced by Bloch-surface plasmon polariton (Bloch-SPP) on the plasmonic lattice. An Ag nanohole array in hexagonal arrangement served as an optical cavity to realize the directional and polarized amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of R6G. A 100-fold enhanced ASE was observed at 15° emission angle under TM polarization when the pump power density exceeded the threshold of 198 W/cm2 based on the degenerated high state density modes. Moreover, a specific polarization dependence of ASE was modulated by the Bloch-SPP modes, and the degree of polarization was enhanced from 1.3 to 2.1 when the pump power density exceeded the threshold of ASE. This work clarifies the interaction between the gain media and plasmonic systems, which lays a foundation for the plasmonic device designing.

The mediating effects of attitude toward death and meaning of life on the relationship between perception of death and coping with death competence among Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: It is important to understand how the perception of death affects the competence to cope with death. OBJECTIVES: To explore whether the perception of death has an indirect effect on competence to cope with death through the mediation of attitude toward death and meaning of life. METHODS: A total of 786 nurses from Hunan Province, China, selected by random sampling method and asked to complete an online electronic questionnaire between October and November 2021 were included in the study. RESULTS: The nurses' scored 125.39 ± 23.88 on the competence to cope with death. There was a positive correlation among perception of death, competence to cope with death, the meaning of life, and attitude toward death. There were three mediating pathways: the separate mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life, and the chain mediating effect of natural acceptance and meaning of life. CONCLUSION: The nurses' competence to cope with death was moderate. Perception of death could indirectly and positively predict nurses' competence to cope with death by enhancing natural acceptance or sense of meaning in life. In addition, perception of death could improve natural acceptance and then enhance the sense of meaning in life to positively predict nurses' competence to cope with death.

Off-Angle Amplified Spontaneous Emission of Upconversion Nanoparticles by Propagating Lattice Plasmons.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are appealing for light emitting applications because their high internal conversion efficiency facilitates the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) under low pumping. In addition, the integration of photonic crystals and microcavities with optical quantum emitters provides a unique opportunity to manipulate their light emissions and generate coherent light sources for quantum photonics. Here, this work describes a two-dimensional (2D) plasmonic lattice of Al nanocone array (Al NCA), which can confine the light at the tip. Light confinement by the enhancement effect supports narrow linewidth resonances as optical feedback for the ASE of UCNPs doped with sensitizer Yb3+ ions/emitter Ho3+ ions/relaxator Ce3+ ions. An off-angle ASE with an enhancement of 19-fold from UCNPs is achieved by propagating lattice plasmons from the Al NCA. Moreover, this upconverting ASE can be switched on or off by adjusting the polarization state of the incident pump light, and photonic band engineering can be used to manipulate it intentionally. This composite plasmonic system opens prospective applications for the ASE as directional emission, real-time tunable wavelengths, controlled multimode lasing, and optical switches.

Wafer-scale plasmonic metal-dielectric-metal structural color featuring high saturation and low angular dependence.

Structural color has been studied through various methods due to its distinguished features of stability, durability, high information storage density and high integration. However, the artificial structural color samples do not exhibit superior performance in color saturation and low angular dependence. Here, we present an approach to acquire additive reflective color based on a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stack. The upper layer composed of Ag particles is perforated in a hexagonal arrangement which profits from the dielectric anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) membrane. The size and shape of the Ag particles are getting inhomogeneous as the deposition thickness of the upper layer increasing, which expands the desired absorption range of surface plasmons. The residual non-anodized Al foil serves as a highly reflective substrate for efficient color presenting through the thin-film interference in this plasmonic MDM system. As a result, the color gamut area of this MDM stack is extended 8 times in CIE chromaticity coordinates. Finally, a wafer-scale (diameter of 83 mm) badge of Harbin Engineering University (HEU) with highly saturated colors and a pattern characterized with low angle-dependent property (up to 60°) are presented, which exhibit promising prospects in commercial coloring and imaging.

Altered cerebellum functional network on newly diagnosed drug-naïve Parkinson's disease patients with anxiety.

INTRODUCTION: Damage to the cerebellar functional network may underlie anxiety symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein we investigated the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) patterns of cerebellar and clinical correlates in PD patients with anxiety and explored their clinical significance. METHODS: We enrolled 50 newly diagnosed drug-naïve PD patients and 30 normal controls (NCs). Twenty-six PD patients with anxiety symptoms (PD-A) and 24 PD patients without anxiety symptoms (PD-NA) were sorted into groups based on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All included participants underwent rest-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scanning. Cerebellar FC based on the seed-based method was used to investigate regional and whole brain function in PD-A, PD-NA, and NCs, and the relationship between the abnormal brain function and anxiety symptoms in PD patients was also detected. RESULTS: Compared with the PD-NA group and the NCs, the ReHo value of the PD-A group was significantly decreased in the left medial frontal gyrus and increased in the left cerebellum. Further, left-cerebellum-based FC patterns were used to detect the decreased FC in the right cerebellum, while FC was increased in the right caudate nucleus, and the right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in the PD-A group was compared with that in the PD-NA group. Further, the altered FC between the left cerebellum and the right cerebellum was significantly associated with anxiety symptoms in the PD-A group. CONCLUSION: The present study found abnormal regional cerebellum function as well as disruptions in the connectivity network within the cerebellum, caudate, and ACC in patients with PD-A. In addition, the FC between the left cerebellum and the right cerebellum was associated with anxiety symptoms in patients with PD. The present study indicated that cerebellar functional damage may be associated with anxiety symptoms in PD patients.

Evolution of High Symmetry Points of Photonic Alumina Superlattices in a Lithography-Free Approach.

Ceaselessly increasing demands for elaborate nanostructures prompt advanced structure fabrication with good practicability, especially, subwavelength ordered structures in simple lattices even in superlattices over a large area, namely, large-scale photonic lattices, in which lattice arrangement, geometry, and components of unit cells are key factors for their macroscopic optical properties. Moreover, exciting properties always occur at high symmetry points of the lattice; therefore, straightforward modulation of symmetry points over a large area is very important for the investigation and application of photonic lattices. Here, this work establishes a lithography-free approach of undervoltage oxidation (UVO) for regulating high symmetry points in the reciprocal space of a dielectric alumina superlattice. Embedding subunit cells at high symmetry points Γ (M) result in the degenerate energy changing from 1.34 eV (924.6 nm) to 1.87 eV (662.6 nm) under normal excitation at the Γ point, and the degeneracy lifting under off-normal excitation along the Γ-X high symmetry orientation. Furthermore, systematic characterizations of the alumina membrane are presented to learn its dynamic evolution of the morphology on a centimeter scale, and the pore array changes from a hierarchical period to a form of hexagonal close packing, especially at Γ and M points of the square lattice. Therefore, the reported lithography-free alumina-based nanofabrication offers an ability for varying the spatial structure at high symmetry points of photonic lattices, which is of great significance in the fields of nanomanufacturing and has great potential to bring about preferable performances in nanodevices.

Efficacy and safety of restarting antiplatelet therapy for patients with spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: The benefits and risks of restarting antiplatelet therapy (APT) for patients with spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) remain controversial. This meta-analysis was performed to explore the efficacy and safety of restarting APT for these patients. METHODS: We followed the recommended PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Studies from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI and the Cochrane Library were systematically retrieved from the inception of each database to 31 July 2020. We also manually retrieved studies of reference. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In this study, seven cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) with subjects were included. APT resumption after spontaneous ICH did not significantly increase the risk of major haemorrhagic events (HR 1.15; 95% CI: 0.70-1.89; p = .59). However, it did not significantly reduce the risk of a composite endpoint concerning occlusive/thromboembolic events (HR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.81-1.19; p = .83) and all-cause mortality (HR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.80-1.08; p = .35). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Restarting APT for patients with spontaneous ICH is generally safe. However, the benefits of reducing the risk of ischaemic vascular events and all-cause mortality were not apparent. More RCTs are required.

Effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on the growth of primarily cultured hippocampus neurons in vitro and their expression of iron-containing enzymes.

Background: The mechanism of action of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) involves the generation of neuronal and action potentials utilizing induced currents in time-varying magnetic fields. However, the long-lasting and effective biological impact of magnetic stimulation does not appear to be completely explained by the transient magnetic field pulses. In this context, we hypothesized magnetic stimulation may affect the expression of iron-containing enzymes in neurons, mediating the long-lasting biological effects associated with this stimulus. Methods: Primarily cultured hippocampus neurons from SD rats were used as the cell model in this study. These were randomly divided into control, sham, and magnetic stimulation groups to probe into the effect of the magnetic field directly. The latter group received 40%, 60%, and 100% maximal stimulator output Tesla (1.68, 2.52, and 4.2 T) with low-frequency rTMS (1 Hz). The expression of iron-containing enzymes (catalase and aconitase) and non-ferrous enzymes (protein kinase A) was measured with Western blotting and ELISA. Results: The survival rates of neurons in the 40%T and 60%T groups were significantly increased in comparison to the controls (P<0.05), while those in the 100%T group showed cell damage, with slightly disturbed neurite connections and decreased survival rate. Furthermore, catalase and aconitase expression was higher in all of the stimulated groups in comparison to controls (P<0.05). On the other hand, the expression of the iron-containing enzymes decreased in the 100%T group in comparison with the 40%T and 60%T groups (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of protein kinase A was not significantly increased in the groups which underwent magnetic stimulation. Conclusion: rTMS may increase the expression of ferrous enzymes but does not have a strong effect on non-ferrous enzymes. Excessive intensity of magnetic stimulation may reduce neuronal survival rate and affect the expression of iron-containing enzymes. The mechanism underlying the lasting effect of rTMS may be related to the increase of ferriferous expression induced by magnetic stimulation, with a clear correlation with stimulation intensity.