Salicylic acid modulates secondary metabolism and enhanced colchicine accumulation in long yellow daylily (Hemerocallis citrina).

Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential phytoregulator that is widely used to promote the synthesis of high-value nutraceuticals in plants. However, its application in daylily, an ornamental plant highly valued in traditional Chinese medicine, has not been reported. Herein, we investigated the exogenous SA-induced physiological, transcriptional and biochemical changes in long yellow daylily (LYD). We found that 2 mg/L foliar SA treatment significantly improved LYD plant growth and yield. Transcriptome sequencing and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis revealed that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and tyrosine metabolism were significantly induced in SA-treated leaves. Many transcription factors and antioxidant system-related DEGs were induced under the SA treatment. Biochemical analyses showed that the leaf contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein (Cpr), ascorbic acid (AsA) and colchicine were significantly increased by 15.15% (from 30.16 ±â€…1.301 to 34.73 ±â€…0.861 mg/g), 19.54% (from 60.3 ±â€…2.227 to 72.08 ±â€…1.617 mg/g), 30.45% (from 190.1 ±â€…4.56 to 247.98 ±â€…11.652 µg/g) and 73.05% (from 3.08 ±â€…0.157 to 5.33 ±â€…0.462 µg/g), respectively, under the SA treatment. Furthermore, we identified 15 potential candidate genes for enhancing the growth, production and phytochemical content of LYD. Our results provide support for the bioaccumulation of colchicine in yellow daylily and valuable resources for biotechnological-assisted production of this important nutraceutical in Hemerocallis spp.

Clinicopathologic features and outcomes of bilateral lacrimal gland lesions.

BACKGROUND: The present study reviewed the clinicopathological features and outcomes of bilateral lacrimal gland lesions. METHODS: The data of 113 patients who underwent lacrimal gland biopsy at the West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China, between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2021, are presented in this case series. The patients all presented with bilateral lacrimal gland lesions. The collected data included patient demographics, clinical features, the results of laboratory examinations, imaging presentations, histopathological diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of the 113 enrolled patients was 47.4 ± 14.9 years (range, 11-77 years) with a predominance of females (54.9%, n = 62). The lacrimal gland was the source of the majority of biopsy tissue (98.2%, n = 111). The most prevalent etiology was immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) (32.7%, n = 37), followed by idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) (28.3%, n = 32), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (17.7%, n = 20), reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) (10.6%, n = 12), and mantle cell lymphoma (4.4%, n = 5). Patients with IOI were significantly younger than those with IgG4-ROD and MALT lymphoma (t = 2.932, P = 0.005; t = 3.865, P<0.001, respectively). Systemic symptoms were more prevalent among patients with IgG4-ROD (χ2 = 7.916, P = 0.005). The majority of patients were treated with surgery (53.1%, n = 60), with surgery combined with corticosteroid therapy (21.2%, n = 24) being the second most common treatment. The majority of patients (91.2%, n = 103) attained complete resolution, stable disease, or significant improvement. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there are several aetiologies associated with bilateral lacrimal gland lesions, the most prevalent being IgG4-ROD, IOI, and MALT lymphoma. Systemic symptoms were more common in patients with IgG4-ROD. The majority of patients who presented with bilateral lesions of the lacrimal glands responded satisfactorily to treatment, with favorable results.

Recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 Heterojunction-Catalyzed Visible-Light-Promoted C3-H Trifluoromethylation of Quinoxalin-2-(1H)-ones.

A visible-light-initiated C-H trifluoromethylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was established using a Z-scheme V2O5/g-C3N4 heterojunction as a recyclable photocatalyst in an inert atmosphere at room temperature under additive-free and mild conditions. A variety of trifluoromethylated quinoxalin-2-(1H)-one derivatives were heterogeneously generated in moderate to high yields, exhibiting good functional group tolerance. Remarkably, the recyclable V2O5/g-C3N4 catalyst could be reused five times with a slight loss of catalytic activity.

Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with IgG4-positive ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (OAML) and associated patient treatment outcomes. METHODS: Medical records from patients diagnosed with IgG4-positive OAML treated at the West China Hospital between January 2016 and August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: This study included data from 22 patients (11 males, 11 females), aged between 36 and 83 years, with disease durations from 1 month to 30 years. Sixteen cases exhibited unilateral ocular involvement (ten left eyes, six right eyes), while six exhibited bilateral involvement. Common clinical symptoms included ocular masses, eyelid swelling, and proptosis, with the orbit and lacrimal gland being the most commonly impacted sites. Among the 22 patients, 13 who were clinically suspected of having IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) underwent serum IgG4 testing pre-operatively, revealing elevated IgG4 levels in 11 of these patients. The use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging facilitated the evaluation of the location and size of lesions. All 22 patients received surgical treatment. Subsequently, 14 of these patients underwent local radiotherapy, five received post-operative chemotherapy, and three were closely observed. The follow-up period of patients in this study was 3-77 months, with an average follow-up time of 36 months. Except for one patient who died of disease progression, all others showed favorable prognoses with significant improvements. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the classification of IgG4-positive OAML as a distinct OAML sub-type with clinical features that partially overlap with IgG4-ROD. Therefore, accurate differentiation between OAML and IgG4-ROD is imperative, necessitating timely surgical intervention and precise pathological diagnosis to prevent diagnostic errors and inappropriate treatment. Currently, no standardized treatments for IgG4-positive OAML exist, but our results suggest that standard OAML therapies are generally efficacious.

Orbital aspergillosis in an immunocompromised man with no history of trauma: a case report.

Fungal orbital cellulitis is usually seen in immunocompromised individuals, and opportunistic pathogens are the main etiology. We herein report a case of fungal orbital cellulitis due to Aspergillus in a patient with no history of trauma. A 48-year-old man presented to the emergency room of our hospital with a 2-week history of periorbital swelling, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis of his right eye. The visual acuity of his right eye was 6/20, and the intraocular pressure was 44 mmHg. The main clinical findings were proptosis of the right ocular globe with conjunctival hyperemia and a palpable infratemporal orbital mass. Laboratory testing failed to detect the presence of a pathogenic infection, and the lesions on computed tomography images resembled those of a malignant tumor of the orbit. The diagnosis was finally confirmed by postoperative pathological examination, and the patient responded favorably to debridement combined with antifungal therapy. Histopathological examination may help to reveal the nature of this disease. Surgical removal of inflammatory lesions can serve as an important diagnostic and treatment method for fungal orbital cellulitis.

Paired Electrolysis-Enabled Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones.

The first paired electrolysis-enabled arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was achieved using cyanoarenes as the arylation reagents. A variety of 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various important functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields under metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. With a pair of reductive and oxidative processes occurring among the substrates and reaction intermediates, the power consumption can be dramatically reduced.

TEMPO/O2 Synergistically Mediated BiBrO-Photocatalyzed Decarboxylative Phosphorylation of N-Arylglycines.

With both TEMPO and O2 (in air) as the homogeneous redox mediators, BiBrO as the heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalyst, the first example of semi-heterogeneous photocatalytic decarboxylative phosphorylation of N-arylglycines with diarylphosphine oxides was established. A series of α-amino phosphinoxides were efficiently synthesized.

Electrochemical Multicomponent Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Selenazol-2-amines with Elemental Selenium.

The first example of an electrochemical multicomponent synthesis of selenium-containing compounds with inexpensive and abundant elemental selenium as the selenating reagent was developed. A variety of selenazol-2-amines were constructed in high yields with good functional group tolerance under metal-free and chemical oxidant-free conditions.

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum BFS1243 on a female frailty model induced by fecal microbiota transplantation in germ-free mice.

Frailty, a complex geriatric syndrome, significantly impedes the goal of achieving 'healthy aging'. Increasing evidence suggests a connection between gut microbiota, systemic inflammation, and disease. However, it remains to be determined whether interventions targeting the intestinal flora can effectively ameliorate frailty. Our research involved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments on germ-free (GF) mice, dividing these mice into three groups: a group receiving transplants from healthy elderly individuals (HF group), a group of frailty patients (FF group), and the FF group supplemented with Lactobacillus plantarum BFS1243 (FFL group). Our findings indicated a significant shift in the gut microbiota of the FF group, in contrast to the HF group, characterized by decreased Akkermansia and increased Enterocloster, Parabacteroides, and Eisenbergiella. Concurrently, there was a reduction in amino acids and SCFAs, with BFS1243 partially mitigating these changes. The FF group exhibited an upregulation of inflammatory markers, including PGE2, CRP, and TNF-α, and a downregulation of irisin, all of which were moderated by BFS1243 treatment. Furthermore, BFS1243 improved intestinal barrier integrity and physical endurance in the FF mice. Correlation analysis revealed a negative association between SCFA-producing species and metabolites like lysine and butyric acid with pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our study conclusively demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbiota of elderly individuals can lead to physical frailty, likely due to detrimental effects on the intestinal barrier and a pro-inflammatory state. These findings underscore the potential of gut microbiome modulation as a clinical strategy for treating frailty.

Ocular adverse events of cenegermin used in neurotrophic keratopathy: an analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system database.

BACKGROUND: Cenegermin, a recombinant human nerve growth factor, is an orphan drug approved for neurotrophic keratitis. The safety information on the label is incomplete, and the adverse reactions noted are mostly mild and tolerable. However, the occurrence of painful epithelial plagues and irreversible corneal deposits after cenegermin usage have been reported. Real-world data on long-term ocular safety are lacking. We aimed to assess the cenegermin-associated eye safety profile in the FDA pharmacovigilance database. METHODS: The signals of cenegermin-related ocular adverse events (AEs) from 2018 to 2022 were quantified using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC). The grading system was used to prioritize the signals. RESULTS: We identified 3288 cases of cenegermin-related ocular AEs and 56 positive ocular-related signals. Fifty unexpected signals of ocular AE were identified. Eye ulcer was classified as a designated medical event. Twenty AEs, including corneal perforation, eye infection, corneal deposits, and eye inflammation, were recognized as important medical event. The median onset time for ocular AEs was 6 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-29 days). CONCLUSION: This study revealed new cenegermin-related ocular AE signals. Clinical practice requires close monitoring to early identify and manage adverse reactions that may cause occurrence of serious irreversible consequences.

Use of extreme gradient boosting, light gradient boosting machine, and deep neural networks to evaluate the activity stage of extraocular muscles in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

PURPOSE: To develop a machine learning model to evaluate the activity stage of extraocular muscles in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHODS: This study retrospectively analysed data from patients with TAO who underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 2015 to 2022. Three independent machine learning models, namely, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM), and deep neural networks (DNNs), were constructed using common clinical features. The performance of these models was compared using evaluation metrics such as the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. The importance of features was explained using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP). RESULTS: A total of 2561 eyes of 1479 TAO patients were included in this study. The original dataset was randomly divided into a training set (80%, n = 2048) and a test set (20%, n = 513). In the performance evaluation of the test set, the LightGBM model had the best diagnostic performance (AUC 0.9260). According to the SHAP results, features such as conjunctival congestion, swollen caruncles, oedema of the upper eyelid, course of TAO, and intraocular pressure had the most significant impact on the LightGBM model. CONCLUSION: This study used contrast-enhanced MRI as an objective evaluation criterion and constructed a LightGBM model based on readily accessible clinical data. The model had good classification performance, making it a promising artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted tool to help community hospitals evaluate the inflammatory activity of extraocular muscles in TAO patients in a timely manner.

Ferrocene/air double-mediated FeTiO3-photocatalyzed semi-heterogeneous annulation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones in EtOH/H2O.

With both ferrocene and air as the redox catalysts, for the first time, the low-cost natural ilmenite (FeTiO3) was successfully used for photocatalytic bond formations. Under the assistance of a traceless H-bond, and HCHO as the methylene reagent, a variety of imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalinones were semi-heterogeneously photosynthesized in high yields with good functional group compatibility.

Selectfluor-Mediated Electrophilic Annulation of 2-Alkynyl Biaryls with Diorganyl Diselenides.

A general and efficient method for the synthesis of various selanyl phenanthrenes/polycyclic heteroaromatics through the electrophilic annulation of 2-alkynyl biaryls with diorganyl diselenides under metal-free and mild conditions was established. The sulfanyl phenanthrene was also obtained in moderate yields.

Paraformaldehyde as C1 Synthon: Electrochemical Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones in Aqueous Ethanol.

A green and practical method for the electrochemical synthesis of tetrahydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-ones through the three-component reaction of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, N-arylglycines and paraformaldehyde was reported. In this strategy, EtOH played dual roles (eco-friendly solvent and waste-free pre-catalyst) and the in situ generated ethoxide promoted triple sequential deprotonations.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the orbit: report of three cases and a literature review.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) originate from neuroendocrine cells, and mainly occur in the gastrointestinal tract and lungs, rarely occurring in the orbit. Here, the clinicopathologic factors, treatments and prognosis of three cases of orbital NENs are described. The mean age of the three patients (two females and one male) was 59 years. Two cases exhibited ocular symptoms, including unilateral proptosis and eyelid mass, while the third case presented systemic symptoms exhibited as Cushing's syndrome. The tumours were surgically resected in all three patients. Immunohistochemistry assays revealed positive expression for pan cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen in all cases. Additionally, neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (also known as CD56) and synaptophysin were positive in two cases. The pathological diagnosis for case 1 and 2 was 'neuroendocrine carcinoma' and both patients died three months after diagnosis. Case 3 was diagnosed with a neuroendocrine tumour and the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome gradually improved following surgery. In addition, no recurrence was observed during the four-year follow-up period. These cases demonstrate that orbital neuroendocrine tumours show different clinical manifestations due to the different types. Pathology may clarify the diagnosis, classification and grading, and provide a reference value for treatment and prognosis.

Modification of surface characteristics of ophthalmic biomaterial-polymethyl methacrylate induced by cobalt 60 gamma irradiation.

This study aims to observe the accelerated aging effect of 60Co gamma (γ) irradiation on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) under extreme conditions and determine the influence of different media states on aging. PMMA samples were prepared at room temperature under varying media conditions, including air and deionized water immersion. Then, the samples were irradiated with different doses (50, 250, 500, and 1000 KGy) of 60Co γ-rays. The compositional changes of the PMMA samples exposed to the rays at different periods were determined via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The light transmission of the samples was characterized through ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, and the surface wettability of the samples was assessed via water contact angle measurements. Surface and microscopic changes in material morphology were analyzed using optical microscopy, ImageJ software, and scanning electron microscopy. Relative molecular mass and glass transition temperature were analyzed via gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. Thus, a comprehensive analysis of the effect of 60Co γ irradiation on the aging properties of PMMA was performed.

Erdheim-Chester disease with bilateral orbital masses and multi-systemic symptoms: two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytic disorder characterized by multisystem xanthogranulomatous infiltration by lipid-laden histiocytes. We report two cases of ECD involving the orbit and describe their clinicopathologic factors, treatments, and prognosis. One was a rare case of ECD complicated with primary thrombocytosis. CASE PRESENTATION: This study describes two patients with bilateral orbital ECD. Both presented with proptosis and visual loss; imaging findings showed bilateral intraorbital masses. Both had different degrees of systemic symptoms (pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, ascites, and heart failure) before the ocular symptoms and did not find the cause before ophthalmic tumor resection and pathological biopsy. The diagnosis of ECD was confirmed after pathological biopsy and detection of BRAFV600E mutation. Patient 2 also with primary thrombocytosis and had a CALR mutation as well as the BRAFV600E mutation. Both patients were recommended to receive targeted therapy. Patient 1 refused targeted therapy for financial reasons and was discharged after local radiotherapy only. The patient had no light perception in either eye and no improvement in systemic symptoms. Patient 2 began targeted treatment after diagnosis and reached the discharge criteria 2 weeks later. He is in good condition at present, but unfortunately, his eyesight has not improved because of the irreversible damage to his visual function. CONCLUSION: ECD is easily misdiagnosed and missed because of its rarity and diverse clinical manifestations. Orbital involvement is common in ECD, and surgery is the most frequently employed approach. Despite the surgical resection is not curative, its significance lies in biopsy to establish diagnosis and/or surgical debulking to relieve mass effect, minimizing further impairment of visual function. Targeted therapy is the most effective treatment for patients with a positive BRAF mutation gene. Evaluation of a concomitant myeloid neoplasm is also critical before initiating targeted therapies for refractory ECD.

Visible-Light-Induced Annulation of Iodonium Ylides and 2-Isocyanobiaryls to Access 6-Arylated Phenanthridines.

A 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4-CzIPN)-photocatalyzed cascade arylation/cyclization reaction of 2-isocyanobiaryls and iodonium ylides was established for the synthesis of 6-arylated phenanthridines. This is the first example of employing iodonium ylides as aryl radical sources in a visible-light-induced radical cascade cyclization reaction.