Simulation of the Nucleation and Crystal Growth Process in the Laser-Induced Deposition in Solution by a Lattice Boltzmann Method.

A Lattice Boltzmann model is proposed, combining the theories of nucleation and crystal growth for the study of the laser-induced deposition in solution (LIDS). The conjugate heat transfer and the natural convection of the liquid precursor were simulated with the evolving interface of crystal growth. In turn, the morphology of the deposited materials was affected by multiple process parameters, including conditions of chemical precursor and the laser-induced heat and mass transfer. Simulation results indicated that the morphology of deposited materials was mostly affected by the initial concentration of the precursor solution. Specifically, the nonuniformity of thin films was caused by the convection induced by the pulsed-laser, and the surface roughness was due to the competition of local structures for the precursor supply. A relationship of process-condition-material was established, providing guidance of choosing various parameters in LIDS for a desirable morphology of deposited material, facilitating the capabilities of pulsed lasers in precise control in nanomanufacturing.

Chromosome-level assembly of Dermatophagoides farinae genome and transcriptome reveals two novel allergens Der f 37 and Der f 39.

Accurate house dust mite (HDM) genome and transcriptome data would promote our understanding of HDM allergens. We sought to assemble chromosome-level genome and precise transcriptome profiling of Dermatophagoides farinae and identify novel allergens. In this study, genetic material extracted from HDM bodies and eggs were sequenced. Short-reads from next generation sequencing (NGS) and long-reads from PacBio/Nanopore sequencing were used to construct the D. farinae nuclear genome, transcriptome, and mitochondrial genome. The candidate homologs were screened through aligning our assembled transcriptome data with amino acid sequences in the WHO/IUIS database. Our results showed that compared with the D. farinae draft genome, bacterial DNA content in the presently developed sequencing reads was dramatically reduced (from 22.9888% to 1.5585%), genome size was corrected (from 53.55 Mb to 58.77 Mb), and the contig N50 was increased (from 8.54 kb to 9365.49 kb). The assembled genome has 10 contigs with minimal microbial contamination, 33 canonical allergens and 2 novel allergens. Eight homologs (≥50% homology) were cloned; 2 bound HDM allergic-sera and were identified as allergens (Der f 37 and Der f 39). In conclusion, a chromosome-level genome, transcriptome and mitochondrial genome of D. farinae was generated to support allergen identification and development of diagnostics and immunotherapeutic vaccines.