ABSTRACT
Saponinum album, a mixture of saponins with an aldehyde function bound at C4 from Gypsophila species, increased the cytotoxicity of lectins like agrostin and saporin by enhancing its penetration through the cell membrane. The effect was attenuated by latrunculin, an inhibitor of endocytosis, and by bafilomycin, an inhibitor of transport from early to late endosomes and lysosomes. In contrast, the effect was not influenced by brefeldin A that causes dissolution of the Golgi stacks and by the addition of different monosaccharides. The toxicity of other peptidic toxins was only slightly enhanced by the saponins indicating a specific interaction between lectins and saponins present in Caryophyllaceae.
Subject(s)
Agrostemma , Caryophyllaceae , Cell Survival/drug effects , Lectins/toxicity , Saponins/toxicity , Animals , Cell Line/drug effects , Drug Synergism , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Golgi Apparatus/drug effects , Lectins/chemistry , Saponins/chemistryABSTRACT
Saponins with an aldehyde function bound at C-4 from different plant origins increase the cytotoxicity of the lectin agrostin by enhancing its penetration through the cell membrane. Experiments with different pure saponins in combination with agrostin showed that also the glycosidic part of acidic bisdesmosidic saponins especially the oligosaccharidic ester chain at C-28 plays an important role in the potentiation of agrostin's cytotoxicity as result of an interaction between saponins and lectins at the cell membrane.
Subject(s)
Plant Proteins/toxicity , Saponins/chemistry , Saponins/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Cell Line, Tumor , Humans , Molecular Structure , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
The article reports on 4 patients with rare modeling defects of the long bones. These defects are metaphyseal dysplasia, craniometaphyseal dysplasia, frontometaphyseal dysplasia, and osteodysplasty (osteodysplasty of Melnick and Needles). The differential diagnostic criteria are shown in a table to allow diagnosis already in children. This appears important in respect of the therapy to be employed (corrective surgery) and for prognosis, as well as for giving patients proper genetic and vocational advice.
