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1.
Alcohol ; 16(3): 213-9, 1998 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9744852

ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the role of the postinjection interval in determining the functional consequences of acute ethanol administration in the CNS. Regional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) was determined by the [14C]iodoantipyrine method in 33 brain structures of ethanol-naive Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first experiment, changes in RCBF were assessed 5 and 15 min after a 0.8 g/kg (i.p.) dose of ethanol or water. Five minutes after treatment, rates of RCBF were increased in the motor cortex, agranular insular cortex, and the olfactory tubercle compared to water controls. No significant differences compared to control were found at the 15-min time point, despite the continued presence of ethanol in the blood. Experiment 2 tested whether blood ethanol level was the sole determinant of this response to ethanol by comparing animals with the same blood ethanol level at the 5- and 15-min time points. Greater rates of RCBF were found at 5 min postinjection compared to 15 min, in the motor cortex, agranular insular cortex, caudate/putamen, cerebellum, and the lateral septum. These data demonstrate that the rates of cerebral blood flow are increased in regionally discrete portions of the rat brain shortly after ethanol administration. Furthermore, blood ethanol level is not the exclusive factor governing this functional response.


Subject(s)
Brain/blood supply , Brain/drug effects , Ethanol/pharmacology , Animals , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Ethanol/blood , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Radiography , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Time Factors
2.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res ; 50(1-2): 293-304, 1997 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9406946

ABSTRACT

The effects of the acute administration of the serotonin-selective tropane analog, [2beta-propanoyl-3beta-(4-isopropylphenyl)-tropane, WF-31, on spontaneous locomotor activity were measured and compared to those of the highly selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine and cocaine, a non-selective re-uptake inhibitor of dopamine and serotonin. WF-31 (1, 10 and 30 mg/kg)-elicited increases in locomotor behaviors when compared to vehicle-treated rats. This increased activity was blocked by pre-treatment with the dopaminergic antagonist, flupenthixol, suggesting that these effects may be mediated by dopaminergic mechanisms. Cocaine, but not fluoxetine, also elicited increases in behaviors. In addition, the effects of these three compounds on opioid peptide gene expression were also assessed using in situ hybridization histochemistry in the same animals. The acute administration of both WF-31 and cocaine increased the expression of preprodynorphin mRNA in the dorsal striatum whereas fluoxetine had no effect. Expression of striatal preproenkephalin mRNA was augmented by all three compounds. Within the nucleus accumbens, PPD mRNA levels were affected only by treatment with WF-31, an effect that was blocked by pre-treatment with flupenthixol. In contrast, the acute administration of both WF-31 and fluoxetine, but not cocaine, increased the expression of preproenkephalin mRNA. These increases, however, were not reversed by pre-treatment with flupenthixol. Despite its profile in vitro as a relatively selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, some of the in vivo actions of WF-31 appear to be mediated by dopaminergic mechanisms. These data further suggest that the mechanisms underlying expression of the opioid peptides in the nucleus accumbens may vary from those in the dorsal striatum.


Subject(s)
Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Dynorphins/genetics , Enkephalins/genetics , Fluoxetine/pharmacology , Genome , Protein Precursors/genetics , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Tropanes/pharmacology , Animals , Cocaine/pharmacology , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/pharmacology , Gene Expression , Male , Motor Activity/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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