ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Native Hawaiian women have the highest breast and cervical cancer mortality rates and lowest screening rates in Hawai'i. This paper summarizes impacts of a breast and cervical cancer screening intervention spearheaded by a Native Hawaiian community. METHODS: Six hundred seventy-eight randomly selected Native Hawaiian women completed two telephone surveys assessing their cancer screening behaviors: 318 women from a community that implemented an intervention, known as a Kokua Group, to provide culturally tailored education and support in a group setting and 360 women from communities without this intervention. The surveys were conducted before intervention implementation and 3 years later, 4 to 5 months after the last intervention session. RESULTS: At posttest, intervention community women reported positive changes in 4 of 12 screening activities (P < or = 0.05), while no changes were found among controls. Some women in both communities had heard about and/or participated in Kokua Groups. Hierarchical logistic regression showed that controlling for community, demographics, and pretest scores, Kokua Group knowledge or participation was a significant predictor (P < 0.05) of 9 of 12 screening-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Positive changes in screening activities among women aware of the intervention support the importance of information diffusion by community consumers. Diffusion may occur beyond the boundaries of the community as defined.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Cultural Characteristics , Ethnicity , Health Promotion , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Self-Examination , Female , Hawaii/ethnology , Health Behavior , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Mammography , Middle Aged , Random Allocation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Vaginal SmearsABSTRACT
Despite the clinical and social impact of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there are few controlled studies investigating its treatment. In this investigation, the effectiveness of two psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD were compared using a randomized controlled outcome group design. Thirty five combat veterans diagnosed with combat-related PTSD were treated with either (a) 12 sessions of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, EMDR (n = 10), (b) 12 sessions of biofeedback-assisted relaxation (n = 13), or (c) routine clinical care, serving as a control (n = 12). Compared with the other conditions, significant treatment effects in the EMDR condition were obtained at posttreatment on a number of self-report, psychometric, and standardized interview measures. Relative to the other treatment group, these effects were generally maintained at 3-month follow-up. Psychophysiological measures reflected an apparent habituation effect from pretreatment to posttreatment but were not differentially affected by treatment condition.
Subject(s)
Biofeedback, Psychology/methods , Combat Disorders/rehabilitation , Desensitization, Psychologic/methods , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Combat Disorders/psychology , Eye Movements , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests , United States , Veterans/psychologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Community participation was a key component of a cancer control research project in a Native Hawaiian community. This project tested the effectiveness of a culturally appropriate intervention as a means of increasing breast and cervical cancer screening practices among Native Hawaiian women on the Wai'anae Coast of the island of O'ahu. METHODS: The Wai'anae Cancer Research project was community driven, with Native Hawaiian community representatives involved in all phases of the project, from grant proposal development to data interpretation. A community health center administered the grant award from the National Cancer Institute. The policymaking steering committee included community representatives, health professionals, and researchers to balance community and scientific quality standards. A factor in the project's success was continuous involvement over 7 years by a core of community representatives and professional staff. RESULTS: More than 500 women participated in the intervention, and outcome measures indicated that there was a community wide impact on cancer-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Important contributions of the project also included direct economic benefits, improvements in health services and systems, increased research capabilities, and dissemination of findings to other communities and researchers. CONCLUSION: Community participation in all phases of the research was essential in generating community acceptance and resulted in an innovative and effective intervention. This participatory research project has left the community richer in knowledge, skills, experience, confidence, and resources. These qualities provide a strong foundation for building future programs and research.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/ethnology , Community Participation , Cultural Characteristics , Ethnicity , Health Promotion , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/ethnology , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Community Health Services , Female , Group Processes , Hawaii/ethnology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Research , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & controlABSTRACT
A total of 118 combat veterans seeking services at the VA Medical Center in Honolulu were assessed on a variety of demographic and psychometric dimensions, permitting the first systematic comparison on the measured variables between veterans with and without PTSD in the multicultural population of veterans in Hawaii. The results have implications for medical interventions with this population.
