Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 7 de 7
Filter
Add more filters










Database
Language
Publication year range
1.
J Sports Sci ; 42(5): 381-391, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38626796

ABSTRACT

There has been limited empirical study allowing athletes to voice their opinions on transgender participation in elite sport. This study surveyed 175 national, elite and world class athletes eligible to compete in the female category regarding transgender inclusion and eligibility. The study compared current Olympic versus current Olympic Recognised sports, elite versus world class, and current versus retired Olympic sport athletes. Most athletes favoured biological sex categorisation (58%) and considered it unfair for trans women to compete in the female category, except for precision sports. This view was held most strongly by world class athletes regarding their own sport (77% unfair, 15% fair). For trans men inclusion in the male category, most athletes considered it fair, except for Olympic sport athletes regarding contact sports (49% unfair, 27% fair) and sports heavily reliant on physical capacity (53% unfair, 29% fair). Notwithstanding those views, athletes (81%) believed sporting bodies should improve inclusivity for transgender athletes. Opinion varied somewhat according to career stage, competitive level and sport type. Nevertheless, athletes in the present study favoured categorisation by biological sex and did not support trans women eligibility for the female category in sports reliant on performance-related biological factors that differ between sexes.


Subject(s)
Athletes , Transgender Persons , Humans , Male , Female , Transgender Persons/psychology , Transgender Persons/statistics & numerical data , Athletes/psychology , Adult , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Competitive Behavior , Attitude , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Middle Aged , Retirement
2.
J Therm Biol ; 93: 102724, 2020 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33077136

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effects of: 1) Ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) plus a concurrent five-day heat acclimation + IPC (IPC + HA), 2) five-day HA with sham IPC (HA), or 3) control (CON) on thermoneutral measurements of endurance performance, resting measures of skeletal muscle oxygenation and blood flow. Twenty-nine participants were randomly allocated to three groups, which included: 1) five-days of repeated leg occlusion (4 x 5-min) IPC at limb occlusive pressure, plus fixed-intensity (55% V˙ O2max) cycling HA at ~36 °C/40% humidity; 2) HA plus sham IPC (20 mmHg) or 3) or CON (thermoneutral 55% V˙ O2max plus sham IPC). In IPC + HA and HA, there were increases in maximal oxygen consumption (O2max) (7.8% and 5.4%, respectively; P < 0.05), ventilatory threshold (VT) (5.6% and 2.4%, respectively, P < 0.05), delta efficiency (DE) (2.0% and 1.4%, respectively; P < 0.05) and maximum oxygen pulse (O2pulse-Max) (7.0% and 6.9%, respectively; P < 0.05) during an exhaustive incremental test. There were no changes for CON (P > 0.05). Changes (P < 0.05) in resting core temperature (TC), muscle oxygen consumption (m V˙ O2), and limb blood flow (LBF) were also found pre-to-post intervention among the HA and IPC + HA groups, but not in CON (P > 0.05). Five-days of either HA or IPC + HA can enhance markers of endurance performance in cooler environments, alongside improved muscle oxygen extraction, blood flow, exercising muscle efficiency and O2 pulse at higher intensities, thus suggesting the occurrence of peripheral adaptation. Both HA and IPC + HA enhance the adaptation of endurance capacity, which might partly relate to peripheral changes.


Subject(s)
Anaerobic Threshold , Ischemic Preconditioning/methods , Physical Conditioning, Human/methods , Thermotolerance , Adult , Humans , Male , Microvessels/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Regional Blood Flow
3.
Complement Ther Med ; 50: 102349, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32444040

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterised by synovial joint pain, functional disability and affects ∼13 % of people worldwide, of which ∼16-27 % report Knee-OA (KOA). Glucosamine (Glu) is the most widely used nutraceutical treatment for OA despite a lack of scientific consensus, therefore alternative nutraceutical treatments are required. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Lithothamnion species, seawater-derived magnesium and pine bark (Aq+) on pain, symptoms and improve physical function in symptomatic (sKOA), compared to Glu. METHODS: 358 participants were screened. In a double-blinded crossover pilot-trial, sKOA participant (n = 30) were randomly assigned to either the Glu group (2000 mg day-1) or Aq+ (3056 mg day-1) for 12 weeks (clinicaltrials.gov:NCT03106584). The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score was used to assess subjective pain and symptoms. Timed-up-and-Go (TuG) and Six minute walking distance were used to assess functional change and analgesic use was recorded. RESULTS: Aq+ improved pain, with a large effect (P < 0.01, d' = 0.73, 95 %CI 0.201-1.265) and no change for Glu (d' = 0.38, P = 0.06). Only Aq+ improved pain (P < 0.05) for males (d' = 0.91, 95 %CI 0.162-1.667) and females (d' = 0.55, 95 %CI 0.210-1.299). In females, Aq+ improved TuG by -7.02 % (d' = 0.92, 95 %CI 1.699-0.141) while Glu worsened performance by 4.18 % (P = 0.04). Aq+ reduced analgesia by 71.6 %, compared to Glu (P = 0.02; d' = 0.82, 95 %CI 1.524-0.123). Aq+ was superior to Glu at improving pain, KOOS subscales, physical function and analgesia use in mild-sKOA. Given these data, Aq+ should be considered as a supplementary treatment for early-stage-KOA and may have the potential to reduce use of pain medication, although larger replication studies are required.


Subject(s)
Chlorophyta , Glucosamine/therapeutic use , Minerals/therapeutic use , Osteoarthritis, Knee/drug therapy , Pinus , Plant Bark , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Aged , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Cross-Over Studies , Disability Evaluation , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Measurement , Pilot Projects , Walk Test
4.
Scand J Med Sci Sports ; 28(2): 400-406, 2018 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28581678

ABSTRACT

Titin provides a molecular blueprint for muscle sarcomere assembly, and sarcomere length can vary according to titin isoform expression. If variations in sarcomere length influence muscle fascicle length, this may provide an advantage for running performance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the titin (TTN) rs10497520 polymorphism was associated with muscle fascicle length in recreationally active men (RA; n=137) and marathon personal best time in male marathon runners (MR; n=141). Fascicle length of the vastus lateralis was assessed in vivo using B-mode ultrasonography at 50% of muscle length in RA. All participants provided either a whole blood, saliva or buccal cell sample, from which DNA was isolated and genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Vastus lateralis fascicle length was 10.4% longer in CC homozygotes, those carrying two copies of the C-allele, than CT heterozygotes (P=.003) in RA. In the absence of any TT homozygotes, reflective of the low T-allele frequency within Caucasian populations, it is unclear whether fascicle length for this group would have been smaller still. No differences in genotype frequency between the RA and MR groups were observed (P=.500), although within the MR group, the T-allele carriers demonstrated marathon personal best times 2 minutes 25 seconds faster than CC homozygotes (P=.020). These results suggest that the T-allele at rs10497520 in the TTN gene is associated with shorter skeletal muscle fascicle length and conveys an advantage for marathon running performance in habitually trained men.


Subject(s)
Athletic Performance , Connectin/genetics , Physical Endurance/genetics , Running/physiology , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Humans , Male , Quadriceps Muscle/physiology , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Young Adult
5.
BMC Genet ; 18(1): 4, 2017 01 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28103813

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: FTO gene variants have been associated with obesity phenotypes in sedentary and obese populations, but rarely with skeletal muscle and elite athlete phenotypes. METHODS: In 1089 participants, comprising 530 elite rugby athletes and 559 non-athletes, DNA was collected and genotyped for the FTO rs9939609 variant using real-time PCR. In a subgroup of non-resistance trained individuals (NT; n = 120), we also assessed structural and functional skeletal muscle phenotypes using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound and isokinetic dynamometry. In a subgroup of rugby athletes (n = 77), we assessed muscle power during a countermovement jump. RESULTS: In NT, TT genotype and T allele carriers had greater total body (4.8% and 4.1%) and total appendicular lean mass (LM; 3.0% and 2.1%) compared to AA genotype, with greater arm LM (0.8%) in T allele carriers and leg LM (2.1%) for TT, compared to AA genotype. Furthermore, the T allele was more common (94%) in selected elite rugby union athletes (back three and centre players) who are most reliant on LM rather than total body mass for success, compared to other rugby athletes (82%; P = 0.01, OR = 3.34) and controls (84%; P = 0.03, OR = 2.88). Accordingly, these athletes had greater peak power relative to body mass than other rugby athletes (14%; P = 2 x 10-6). CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results suggest that the T allele is associated with increased LM and elite athletic success. This has implications for athletic populations, as well as conditions characterised by low LM such as sarcopenia and cachexia.


Subject(s)
Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Resistance Training , Adolescent , Adult , Athletes , Football , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Male , Phenotype , Young Adult
6.
Physiol Genomics ; 48(3): 196-201, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26757799

ABSTRACT

We aimed to quantify the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) genetic variants in elite rugby athletes (rugby union and league) and compare genotype frequencies to controls and between playing positions. The rugby athlete cohort consisted of 507 Caucasian men, including 431 rugby union athletes that for some analyses were divided into backs and forwards and into specific positional groups: front five, back row, half backs, centers, and back three. Controls were 710 Caucasian men and women. Real-time PCR of genomic DNA was used to determine genotypes using TaqMan probes and groups were compared using χ(2) and odds ratio (OR) statistics. Correction of P values for multiple comparisons was according to Benjamini-Hochberg. There was no difference in ACE I/D genotype between groups. ACTN3 XX genotype tended to be underrepresented in rugby union backs (15.7%) compared with forwards (24.8%, P = 0.06). Interestingly, the 69 back three players (wings and full backs) in rugby union included only six XX genotype individuals (8.7%), with the R allele more common in the back three (68.8%) than controls (58.0%; χ(2) = 6.672, P = 0.04; OR = 1.60) and forwards (47.5%; χ(2) = 11.768, P = 0.01; OR = 2.00). Association of ACTN3 R577X with playing position in elite rugby union athletes suggests inherited fatigue resistance is more prevalent in forwards, while inherited sprint ability is more prevalent in backs, especially wings and full backs. These results also demonstrate the advantage of focusing genetic studies on a large cohort within a single sport, especially when intrasport positional differences exist, instead of combining several sports with varied demands and athlete characteristics.


Subject(s)
Actinin/genetics , Athletes , Football , Genetic Association Studies , INDEL Mutation/genetics , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Adult , Alleles , Gene Frequency/genetics , Humans , Male
7.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs ; 14(1): 3-14; discussion 15-7, 1997 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9019039

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to identify the coping strategies used by the well siblings of pediatric oncology patients as identified by both the mother and the well siblings. The findings of this research study showed that both mothers and the well siblings were able to identify behavioral changes (95.2% of the mothers and 85.7% of the well siblings identified behavior changes). Behavior changes identified by both the siblings and mothers included being more sensitive to the needs of others, being more thoughtful, playing with friends, fighting, trouble sleeping, and complaints of headaches. Nurses can conduct thorough assessments of sibling behavior changes when a child family member has been diagnosed with cancer. From these assessments, nurses can provide care to assist the entire family during the ill child's treatment.


Subject(s)
Neoplasms/psychology , Nuclear Family/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Emotions , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/nursing , New Jersey , Nursing Assessment
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...