Greener Approach for Synthesis of δ-MnO2 Nanoparticles: Access to Pharmaceutically Important Pyrimidines and their Antimicrobial Activity Studies.

A sustainable approach for pharmaceutically important pyrimidine derivatives is achieved by using biogenically produced single-phase δ-MnO2 NPs under external ligand-free conditions. The phytochemicals that comprise the extract of Areca Nut Husk (ANH) have been discovered to serve as reducing agents. The role of phytochemicals is not only to aid in the reduction of Mn(VII) into Mn(IV), but they also have an important role in stabilizing the catalyst. The establishment of δ-MnO2 NPs was confirmed inveterate by FE-SEM, p-XRD, ICP-OES (Mn content = 43.17% w/w), EDX, and with an active Mn content of 43.17% w/w. A series of pyrimidine derivatives were prepared in good yields using a one-pot multicomponent synthesis approach under atmospheric conditions. In addition, hot filtration tests, control experiments, gram-scale synthesis, and mechanistic investigations were demonstrated. Additionally, antimicrobial activity studies of δ-MnO2 NPs and pyrimidine derivatives against the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, growth curve and minimum inhibitory concentration were studied.

Catalyst- and Additive-Free Approach to Constructing Benzo-oxazine, Benzo-oxazepine, and Benzo-oxazocine: O Atom Transfer and C═O, C-N, and C-O Bond Formation at Room Temperature.

An exclusive synthesis of benzo-oxazine, benzo-oxazepine, and benzo-oxazocine from aryl propanal and 2-(hydroxyamino)phenyl alcohol under metal-free conditions is described. O atom transfer and formation of new C═O, C-N, and C-O bonds occur at room temperature to form six-, seven-, and eight-membered heterocycles under one-pot reaction conditions without using an external oxidant and base. The photophysical properties are studied using ultraviolet-visible absorption and photoluminescence. The mechanistic elucidation is well supported by control experiment and literature precedents.

Transition metal-free functionalized hydration of alkynes: one-pot synthesis of fluorinated ß-keto-imidates using Selectfluor.

A transition metal-free, four-component one-pot synthesis of polyfunctionalized fluorinated ß-keto-imidates via the functionalized hydration of alkynes has been described. The intermediate 1,3-ketoamino moiety was obtained from easily accessible arylpropioladehyde and arlyhydroxylamine and was treated with Selectfluor delivering fluorinated ß-keto-imidates. A wide variety of functional groups are tolerated under mild reaction conditions and the product applicability is highlighted.

A detailed feeding algorithm improves delivery of nutrition support in an intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a detailed feeding algorithm improved nutrition support of critically ill patients compared with a standard feeding protocol. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Pre- and post-intervention comparison of nutrition commencement and nutritional adequacy in intensive care unit patients receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition until length of stay (LOS) exceeded 30 days, oral intake resumed, the patient was discharged from the ICU or the patient died. The study was conducted at the Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, a tertiary hospital with 27 ICU beds, in 2005 (pre-intervention) and 2007 (post-intervention). INTERVENTION: A detailed feeding algorithm that included commencement of nutrition support, progression to goal nutrition rates and management of gastric residual volumes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time to commencement of nutrition support; time to reach goal nutrition rate; nutritional adequacy over ICU stay. RESULTS: No demographic differences between pre- (n=42) and post-implementation (n=41) patient groups were observed. Implementation of the detailed feeding algorithm reduced the mean time to commence nutrition support from 28 hours to 16 hours (P=0.035). Time to reach goal nutrition rate fell from 22 hours to 13 hours, although the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between pre- and post-implementation groups in the number of patients reaching goal volume during ICU admission. Interruptions were a major obstacle to goal volumes of enteral feeds being reached. CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a detailed feeding algorithm resulted in earlier commencement of nutrition support and increased numbers of patients reaching goal rates in less time. To improve nutritional adequacy, the algorithm needs to be modified to account for unavoidable interruptions during ICU stay.