ABSTRACT
The effective treatments of endotoxemia are necessary to prevent high mortality rates. Hence, the present study was performed to clarify the antiendotoxic effects of tyloxapol and pentoxifylline in experimentally induced endotoxemia in sheep. Thirty clinically healthy 1-year-old Iranian fat-tailed ewes were randomly divided into six equal experimental (n = 5) groups, comprising Negative and Positive control, Tyloxapol 1, Tyloxapol 2, Pentoxifylline 1 and Pentoxifylline 2. Phenol extracted lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype O55:B5 was infused at 2 µg/kg intravenously. Tyloxapol (200 and 400 mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (30 and 60 mg/kg) were injected to Tyloxapol and Pentoxifylline groups, respectively, at 90 min after endotoxemia induction over 60 min along with intravenous fluids. Blood samples were collected from all ewes prior and 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 24 and 48 h after lipopolysaccharide injection and sera and plasmas were separated, subsequently. Haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in all samples. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, TNF-α and IFN-γ in Tyloxapol 1 and 2 and Pentoxifylline 1 and 2 groups were significantly lower than Positive control one after hour 3. There were no significant differences among Tyloxapol and Pentoxifylline groups (P > 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in Tyloxapol 1 and 2 and Pentoxifylline 1 and 2 groups were significantly lower than Positive control one after hour 3. There were no significant differences among Tyloxapol 1 and 2 and Pentoxifylline 1 and 2 groups (P > 0.05). Tyloxapol and pentoxifylline act as the anti-inflammatory mediators by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and hepatic APPs and modulating oxidative enzymes activity after endotoxemia induction in sheep. Furthermore, their efficacies at different doses were significantly similar together and both drugs don't induce their effects by dose dependent manner and the anti- and pro-inflammatory effects of them were statistically similar.
