Missed Nursing Care and Relationship to Burnout and Leave the Profession.

Nurses are at high risk of burnout, desire to leave the profession, and possibly missed nursing care due to the exhausting nature of caring. Missed nursing care may also affect nurses' burnout and desire to leave the profession. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the missed nursing care and its relationship with burnout and desire to leave the profession among intensive care unit nurses. The participants of this descriptive analytical study were 249 Iranian nurses working in intensive care units in 2022. The data were collected using a Demographic Information Questionnaire, Kalish's Missed Nursing Care Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and desire to leave the profession questionnaire. The majority of nurses (71%) were females. The generalized linear regression model showed that there was a significant relationship between missed care with gender (B = 5.55, P < .001), marital status (B = -7.37, P = .04), working shift (B = 7.80, P < .001), and employment status (B = -2.87, P = .02). Using structural equation modeling, it was found that the effect of missed care on burnout was significant. Considering the effect of missed care on burnout among nurses working in intensive care units, it seems that creating better working conditions, providing sufficient resources for nurses, supporting them, and changing the factors affecting missed care in order to improve the conditions can reduce the possibility of missing nursing care and, finally, burnout.

Determination of lead(II) in food samples using a functionalized paper-based fluorescent sensor modified by carbon dots.

This work discusses surface modification of cellulose paper specimens for compatibility with nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs) for lead ion sensing. The interaction of carbon dots (CDs) and cellulose fibers was investigated using silane or chitosan-modified cellulose papers. It was found that modified papers could reduce undesirable redistribution of CDs, during paper drying. Also, only chitosan-modified filter paper was suitable for the successful immobilization of NSCDs. The effect of paper type, chitosan amount, pH, and NSCDs concentration was also studied, and a Whatman No. 42 filter paper modified with chitosan (1% w/v), pH 8.0, and an NSCD concentration of 2.5 g L-1 being selected for further studies. The sensor exhibited high selectivity for lead(II) compared with other metal ions because lead(II) resulted in the most significant changes in the emitted light intensity. Variations in NSCDs fluorescence were measured using a fluorescence imaging system. The NSCDs-paper sensor showed a linear relationship between mean fluorescence intensity and lead(II) in the concentration range of 5.00-1.25 × 102 µmol L-1 with a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.9988 and a detection limit of 4.50 µmol L-1 . The suggested method showed satisfying results for lead(II) determination in different samples as a fast and low-cost approach with on-site application.

A Histogram-Based Technique for Simultaneous Colorimetric Determination of Malachite Green and Brilliant Green Using Triton X-100 Micelle.

BACKGROUND: Malachite green (MG) and brilliant green (BG) are two synthetic triphenylmethane dyes with applications in the textile and aquaculture industries. They are considered to be environmental contaminants due to their carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Both dyes have the same bluish-green color in aqueous solutions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop a colorimetric analysis as a very simple and cost-effective method to determine the residues of MG and BG simultaneously in aqueous industrial samples. METHOD: This method is based on the alterations in red, blue, green (RGB) color histograms of the dyes in the presence and absence of Triton X-100 micelle. The images of the samples were taken by a digital camera and converted to the RGB color system using MATLAB software. Partial least-squares regression as a powerful chemometrics tool was used for multivariate calibrations and quantitative measurements. The performance of the proposed method was compared with a simple spectrophotometric method as a reference. RESULTS: Relative errors of prediction for colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively, in micellar media were 6.56 and 4.61% for MG and 6.38 and 5.24% for BG. The shortest linear ranges for colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively, in micellar media were 0.1-10 and 0.5-5 mg/L for MG and 0.1-15 and 0.5-6 mg/L for BG. The recovery percentages obtained from the analysis of the dyes in real samples of fish-pond water and textile wastewater ranged between 91 and 107%. CONCLUSIONS: The good correlation between the results of the colorimetric analysis and the spectrophotometric analysis indicates the reliability of the proposed colorimetric method. Also, the results of the relative recovery study showed insignificant matrix effect. HIGHLIGHTS: This study demonstrates the ability of the colorimetric analysis coupled with chemometrics tools for simultaneous determination of the analytes even with nearly identical colors.

Simultaneous determination of mometasone furoate and calcipotriol in a binary mixture by validated HPLC and chemometric-assisted UV spectrophotometric methods and identification of degradation products by LC-MS.

Objectives: A new binary mixture containing mometasone furoate (MF) and calcipotriol (CP) is suggested to manage psoriasis; since the combined stability profile of these drugs is poorly understood. Materials and Methods: Herein MF, CP, and their mixtures were subjected to various stress conditions. Also, stability-indicating HPLC was developed and validated according to ICH guidelines with Box-Behnken design. The degradation products (DPs) were predicted in silico and identified using LC-MS. The bioactivity and toxicity of DPs were studied using molecular docking and alamarBlue assay, respectively. Spectroscopic techniques of the first derivative, first-derivative ratio, and the mean-centering of ratio spectra were also used to determine MF and CP in the mixture because of spectra overlapping. Results: The major degradants for MF in alkaline conditions were DP1, DP2, and DP3, while in thermal and UV conditions, only DP1 was generated. CP gave one degradant in all conditions. No new impurity was observed in the MF and CP mixtures. The results of spectrophotometry showed good linearity in the range of 4-50 and 2-20 µg/ml, while linearity for HPLC was in the range of 4-50 and 0.5-2.5 µg/ml for MF and CP, respectively. Recovery was 99.61-100.38% for UV and 100.4% for HPLC methods of MF and 100.6-101.4% for UV and 99.5% for HPLC methods of CP. Conclusion: The developed methods can be used as simple, accurate, precise, and rapid techniques for routine quality control of MF and CP mixtures.

Depression in the Iranian Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Depression can lead to increased medical costs, impaired individual and social functioning, nonadherence to therapeutic proceeding, and even suicide and ultimately affect quality of life. It is important to know the extent of its prevalence for successful planning in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression in the Iranian elderly. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was done through Medline via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ProQuest, SID, Embase, and Magiran with determined keywords. Screening was done on the basis of relevance to the purpose of the study, titles, abstracts, full text, and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa standard scale. After primary and secondary screening, 30 articles were finally included in the study. According to the 30 articles reviewed, the prevalence of depression in the Iranian elderly was 52 percent based on the random-effects model (CI 95%: 46-58). According to the results of the present study, depression in the Iranian elderly was moderate to high. Therefore, more exact assessment in terms of depression screening in elderly people seems necessary. Coherent and systematic programs, including psychosocial empowerment counselling for the elderly and workshops for their families, are also needed. Researchers can also use the results of this study for future research.

Effect of Family and Patient Centered Empowerment Program on Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Their Caregivers' Burden.

BACKGROUND: Considering the importance of family participation in patients' treatment and the positive effects of simultaneous patient and family education, this study was conducted to determine the effect of a family and patient-oriented empowerment program on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and their caregivers' burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 50 OCD patients along with their primary caregivers. The intervention group participated in eight sessions of training, each lasting from 60 to 90 min (twice a week), and the control group received the usual treatment. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Maudsley's Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire, and Zarit's Burden Inventory were used to collect the data before, immediately after and 1 month after the intervention, and then the gathered data were analyzed with t-test and analysis of variance using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 21. RESULTS: The changes in the mean scores of depression (F2,48= 21.02, p < 0.001), anxiety (F2,48= 29.72, p < 0.001), and stress (F2,48= 16.52, p < 0.001) of the patients in the intervention group showed significant decrease over time; however, in the control group, there was no significant decrease in the mean scores of depression (F2,48= 1.69, p = 0.19), anxiety (F2,48= 0.47, p = 0.62), and stress (F2,48= 1.09, p = 0.34) over time. The changes in the caregiver's burden score in both groups indicated a significant decrease over time in the intervention group (F2,48= 24.70, p < 0.001) and the control group (F2,48= 33. 30, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study revealed that concurrently training the patients and caregivers could reduce the negative emotions of the patients and their caregivers' burden.

A comparison between digital camera and spectrophotometer for sensitive and selective kinetic determination of brilliant green in wastewaters.

In this study, a simple and novel kinetic spectrophotometric method has been proposed for the sensitive and highly selective determination of Brilliant Green. The method is based on the interaction of Brilliant Green with Triton X-100 in micellar media at room temperature. As a result of this interaction, the peak wavelength (625 nm) is gradually shifted toward longer wavelength region (634 nm) and more intensive hyper chromic effect has been seen. As well as, variations in the red, blue and green (RGB) components of the images as a function of time were observed. The kinetic interaction of Brilliant Green with Triton X-100 was recorded, using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer-diode array detector and a digital camera. The fixed-time method was used for the construction of a calibration curves. Brilliant Green can be measured in the range of 1.0 to 12.0 mg L-1 and 1.0 to 10.0 mg L-1with the detection limit of 0.047 mg L-1 and 0.037 mg L-1 using spectrophotometer and digital camera, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully used to determine Brilliant Green in some wastewaters such as textile dye effluent and goldfish farming water in the presence of some triphenylmethan dyes as the interferences.

PAX-5 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma presenting by dysphagia; a case report.

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a distinct pathologic entity with characteristic morphologic, im¬munophenotypic and cytogenetic features. Obstructive symptoms are rare presentation of ALCL. We report a 16-year-old boy who initially presented with dysphagia. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed severe stenosis with an infiltrative process starting from 24 cm of incisors in lower esophagus Esophageal mucosal biopsy demonstrated lymphomatous involvement that ancillary tests confirmed the diagnosis of ALCL, ALK (kinase-positive), and PAX5 positive. The patient responded to CHOP-based chemotherapy. This case illustrated an unusual presentation of primary Non Hodgkin lymphoma of esophagus.

Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Beryllium by Mean Centering of Ratio Spectra.

Trace amounts of beryllium has been determined by spectrofluorimetric method that used morin as fluorimetric reagent. Beryllium gives a highly fluorescent complex with morin. The excitation wavelength of morin and Be-morin complex were 410 and 430. The fluorescence spectra of morin and Be-morin complex were overlaped in excitation wavelength of 430 nm. A method based on mean centering of ratio spectra has been performed to remove the interference caused by morin as it overlaps with the Be-morin spectra. The linear range of beryllium concentration is in 0.2-200 ppb range. The parameters of detection limit and RSD were 0.18 ppb and 4.6 % respectively. This method was used for determination of beryllium in copper-beryllium alloy as a real sample. In determination of Be(II), the interference by Cu(II) was very serious, which was eliminated by adding triethanolamine.

Determination of melamine in soil samples using surfactant-enhanced hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction followed by HPLC-UV using experimental design.

Surfactant-enhanced hollow fiber liquid phase (SE-HF-LPME) microextraction was applied for the extraction of melamine in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was added firstly to the sample solution at pH 1.9 to form hydrophobic ion-pair with protonated melamine. Then the protonated melamine-dodecyl sulfate ion-pair (Mel-DS) was extracted from aqueous phase into organic phase immobilized in the pores and lumen of the hollow fiber. After extraction, the analyte-enriched 1-octanol was withdrawn into the syringe and injected into the HPLC. Preliminary, one variable at a time method was applied to select the type of extraction solvent. Then, in screening step, the other variables that may affect the extraction efficiency of the analyte were studied using a fractional factorial design. In the next step, a central composite design was applied for optimization of the significant factors having positive effects on extraction efficiency. The optimum operational conditions included: sample volume, 5 mL; surfactant concentration, 1.5 mM; pH 1.9; stirring rate, 1500 rpm and extraction time, 60 min. Using the optimum conditions, the method was analytically evaluated. The detection limit, relative standard deviation and linear range were 0.005 µg mL(-1), 4.0% (3 µg mL(-1), n = 5) and 0.01-8 µg mL(-1), respectively. The performance of the procedure in extraction of melamine from the soil samples was good according to its relative recoveries in different spiking levels (95-109%).

Determination of brilliant green from fish pond water using carbon nanotube assisted pseudo-stir bar solid/liquid microextraction combined with UV-vis spectroscopy-diode array detection.

This paper describes the development of a new design of hollow fiber solid/liquid phase microextraction (HF-SLPME) for determination of brilliant green (BG) residues in water fish ponds. This method consists of an aqueous donor phase and carbon nanotube reinforced organic solvent (acceptor phase) operated in direct immersion sampling mode. The multi-walled carbon nanotube dispersed in the organic solvent is held in the pores and lumen of a porous polypropylene hollow fiber. It is in contact directly with the aqueous donor phase. In this method the solid/liquid extractor phase is supported using a polypropylene hollow fiber membrane. Both ends of the hollow fiber segment are sealed with magnetic stoppers. This device is placed inside the donor solution and plays the rule of a pseudo-stir bar. It is disposable, so single use of the fiber reduces the risk of carry-over problems. Brilliant green (BG) after extraction from the aqueous samples with mentioned HF-SLPME device was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy with diode array detection (UV-vis/DAD). The absorption wavelength was set to 625 nm (λ(max)). The effect of different variables on the extraction was evaluated and optimized to enhance the sensitivity and extraction efficiency of the proposed method. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1.00-10,000 µg L(-1) of BG in the initial solution with R(2)=0.979. Detection limit, based on three times the standard deviation of the blank, was 0.55 µg L(-1). All experiments were carried out at room temperature (25±0.5°C).

Study of viral infections in infants with biliary atresia.

Viral infections may have an important role in the pathogenesis of biliary atresia, and related clinical outcomes. In this research for determination of the possible role of HBV, HCV, HCMV, adenovirus, and BK virus infections in biliary atresia related clinical complications, the molecular and antigenic prevalence of these viral agents were studied. In this retrospective study, 34 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) biopsy and autopsy liver tissue samples of neonates with biliary atresia were evaluated. The molecular prevalence of these viral infections was assayed by different PCR and RT-PCR methods. The antigenic prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HCMV infections was also studied in these liver tissue samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. HBV, HCV, and adenovirus genomes were detected in 9%, 6%, and 6% of liver autopsy and biopsy tissues of infants with biliary atresia, respectively. HBV and HCV co-infection was confirmed in 6% of FFPE samples. The genome of other investigated viruses was not detected in FFPE liver tissues. Detection of viral infection in FFPE liver tissue samples of newborns with biliary atresia, suggests the need for complete studies for the determination of accurate role of these viral infections in pathogenesis of biliary atresia.

Speciation and analysis of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) by electrochemical hydride generation spectrophotometric method.

A simple method was developed for speciation and spectrophotometric determination of inorganic As(III) and As(V) using an electrochemical hydride generation technique. For speciation of As(III) and As(V), a graphite rod was used as cathode to reduce As(III) to AsH(3), the rod was then replaced with a tin-lead alloy wire for reducing As(V) to AsH(3). The spectrophotometric determination was based on the reaction of AsH(3) with silver diethyldithiocarbamate to give an absorbing complex at 510 nm. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves were linear over the ranges of 0.1-5 microg ml(-1) for As(III) and 0.5-4.0 microg ml(-1) for As(V). The concentration detection limits of 0.02 and 0.06 microg ml(-1) were achieved for As(III) and As(V), respectively. The relative standard deviations for five replicate speciation and determination of 3.0 microg ml(-1) As(III) and As(V) were 0.8 and 7.2%, respectively. The accuracy and recovery of the method were evaluated by analyzing tap water spiked with As(III) and As(V).

Hepatitis B virus genotypes in southwest Iran: molecular, serological and clinical outcomes.

AIM: To investigate the associations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype with HBeAg and anti-HBe status, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and HBV-DNA detection in different groups of HBV-infected patients in southwest Iran. METHODS: A total of 89 HBsAg-positive serum samples were collected from the same number of patients. All sera were then investigated to determine HBV DNA and serological markers. For all the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples, biochemical, histopathological assays and genotyping were also performed. RESULTS: Genotype D was the only type of HBV found in different clinical forms of acute and chronic infections. There was a high prevalence of HBeAg-negative HBV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis (52.7%). Out of 55 patients with chronic hepatitis, seven (12.7%) were diagnosed with cirrhosis. A significant association between the presence of anti-HBe antibody and an increase in ALT level, among either HBeAg-negative (P = 0.01) or HBeAg-positive (P = 0.026) patients, was demonstrated. No significant differences were observed between the clinical outcomes of HBeAg-positive and -negative individuals (P = 0.24). CONCLUSION: Genotype D has been recognized as the only type of HBV found in different clinical forms of HBV infections, including cirrhosis, among the residents of southwest Iran. Anti-HBe possibly plays a role in disease progression in some patients with chronic hepatitis, at least for a period of disease.