ABSTRACT
Pediatric drug formulations of artemisinin combination therapies are urgently needed for improving the treatment of children suffering from uncomplicated malaria. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of a novel pediatric fixed-dose granule formulation of artesunate-mefloquine and a new co-blister tablet formulation. A total of 71 children aged 1-13 years suffering from uncomplicated falciparum malaria were stratified into two groups according to weight: 10-20 kg, pediatric group (n = 41); 20-40 kg, tablet group (n = 30). All the children were treated once daily for three days: the pediatric group received the novel granule formulation, the tablet group received the co-blister tablets. The PCR-corrected cure rate on day 28 was evaluated. There was no reappearance of parasitemia during the follow-up period and the day-28 cure rate was therefore 100% in per-protocol analysis. In intention-to-treat analysis the cure rates were 95% in the pediatric group and 97% in the tablet group. The most frequent adverse events were vomiting (17%), abdominal pain (11%) and headache (17%). This study confirms the excellent efficacy and favorable safety and tolerability profile of a novel pediatric artesunate-mefloquine formulation for treatment in African children.
Subject(s)
Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Artemisinins/administration & dosage , Developing Countries , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Mefloquine/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Artemisinins/adverse effects , Artesunate , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Combinations , Female , Gabon , Humans , Male , Mefloquine/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Paediatric drug formulations of artemisinin combination therapies and pharmacokinetic data supporting their use in African children are urgently needed for the effective treatment of young children suffering from falciparum malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of a novel paediatric granule formulation of artesunate-mefloquine therapy were evaluated in comparison to the standard tablet formulation in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in paediatric patients. Twenty-four patients were assigned to treatment according to body weight with either a fixed-dose paediatric granule co-formulation (10-20 kg body weight) or a free-dose co-blister tablet formulation of artesunate-mefloquine (>20-40 kg body weight). RESULTS: Median values for C(max) (861 and 930 ng/mL), T(max) (1.5 and 1.5 h) and AUC(0-)(t) (2,050 and 2,470 ng.h/mL) were comparable for dihydroartemisinin in the two groups. Exploratory analysis of mefloquine plasma levels revealed a trend towards higher concentrations in the younger age group during the absorption phase (2,550 and 1,815 ng/mL, 54 h after initiation of treatment, respectively). Median mefloquine concentrations at day 28 were 197 and 343 ng/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of the two paediatric dosage forms, i.e. the novel fixed-dose co-formulation and the standard co-blister of artesunate-mefloquine show comparable results in the two treatment groups. The novel fixed-dose paediatric formulation is an interesting option for outpatient treatment of uncomplicated malaria in African children.
Subject(s)
Artemisinins/administration & dosage , Artemisinins/pharmacokinetics , Malaria, Falciparum/drug therapy , Mefloquine/administration & dosage , Mefloquine/pharmacokinetics , Sesquiterpenes/administration & dosage , Sesquiterpenes/pharmacokinetics , Antimalarials/administration & dosage , Antimalarials/pharmacokinetics , Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Artemisinins/therapeutic use , Artesunate , Child , Child, Preschool , Drug Combinations , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Gabon , Humans , Male , Mefloquine/therapeutic use , Sesquiterpenes/therapeutic use , TabletsABSTRACT
The effect of mefloquine on artesunate pharmacokinetics was assessed in 20 volunteers given artesunate for 3 days, followed > or =21 days later by combination therapy for 3 days. The areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 h to infinity for dihydroartemisinin, the active metabolite of artesunate, were similar on day 3 of the two dosing periods (P = 0.12), implying no interaction.
